Morphological and chemical analysis of bone substitutes by scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis by spectroscopy of dispersion energy

Abstract

This study evaluated the morphological and chemical composition of the following bone substitutes: cancellous and cortical organic bovine bone with macro and microparticle size ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 mm and 0.25 to 1.0 mm, respectively; inorganic bovine bone with particle size ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 mm; hydroxyapatite with particle size ranging from 0.75 to 1.0 mm; and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft with particle size ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mm. The samples were sputter-coated with gold in an ion coater, the morphology was observed and particle size was measured under vacuum by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition was evaluated by spectroscopy of dispersion energy (EDS) microanalysis using samples without coating. SEM analysis provided visual evidence that all examined materials have irregular shape and particle sizes larger than those informed by the manufacturer. EDS microanalysis detected the presence of sodium, calcium and phosphorus that are usual elements of the bone tissue. However, mineral elements were detected in all analyzed particles of organic bovine bone except for macro cancellous organic bovine bone. These results suggest that the examined organic bovine bone cannot be considered as a pure organic material.

Solubility of Bovine-Derived Hydroxyapatite by Solid Titration, pH 3.5−5

“…However, while Ca deficiency may lead to lower measured Ca/P ratio, the XRD spectrum will not be distinguishable from that of stoichiometric HA. 25 The chemical composition of the BDHA used here has recently been reported elsewhere, 26 with Ca/P ) 3.5. While the percentage composition is shown, it is unclear whether the values are in mass or molar terms.…”

Absence of the right forelimb in Corythomantis greeningi Boulenger, 1896: case report

“…The application of the X-ray is a diagnostic method for the bone tissue (FIGUEIREDO et al, 2004;OLIVEIRA et al, 2006), providing important information regarding fractures, tumors, degenerative conditions and osteomyelitis, also providing valuable information about the ossification process (CRUZ et al, 2007). In our study the radiographic characteristics were indicative of the presence of humerus, with an irregular but well-calcified morphology.…”

Use of cyanoacrylate as barrier in guided tissue regeneration in class II furcation defects

“…Very small particle sizes can cause an answer of macrophages and are rapidly reabsorbed with a little or no bone formation. [8]…”

“…[8] The demineralized bovine bone, with 0.5 to 1.0 mm particles, is a biocompative bone substitute, acellular, not cytotoxic, not immunogenic, not pyrogenic and of high level of purity, indicated for the filling of bone failures. Its mechanism of action is by osteoconduction and act again as support for bone being reabsorbed and bone matrix formation on the place, allowing this material to be used isolated or in association with graft materials with the osteoinductive or osteogenic action.…”