Antimicrobial potential of ozone in an ultrasonic cleaning system against Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of ozone applied to 3 different solutions in an ultrasonic cleaning system against Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 120 mL of S. aureus were mixed in 6 L of the experimental solutions (sterile distilled water, vinegar and sterile distilled water + Endozime AWpluz) used in a ultrasonic cleaning system (UCS). Ozone was produced by an electric discharge through a current of oxygen and bubbling with flow rate at 7 g/h ozone (1.2%) into the microbial suspensions. Ten mL of each experimental suspension were collected and 5 fold dilutions were made in 9 mL of BHI and incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 h. Bacterial growth was evaluated by turbidity of the culture medium. At the same time, 1 mL of bacterial samples was collected and inoculated in BHIA plates. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 48 h, the number of colony forming units (cfu) per mL on BHIA surface was counted. In dilution test in BHI tubes and in BHIA plates (cfu/mL), bacterial growth was not observed in any of the experimental solutions when ozone was added. Under the tested conditions, it may be concluded that the addition of ozone to a ultrasonic cleaning system containing different experimental solutions resulted in antibacterial activity against S. aureus.

Comment on “The application of Ozone in dentistry: A systematic review of the literature”

“…They stated ''Ozone might be useful to control oral infectious microorganisms in dental plaque. 3 Moreover, four studies were found that showed the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of ozone as denture cleaners [8][9][10] and ozone gas was found to be more effective than ozonated water. 4 Also, a high level of biocompatibility of aqueous ozone on human oral epithelial cells, gingival fibroblast cells, and periodontal cells has been found.…”

A comparative scanning electron microscopy evaluation of smear layer removal with apple vinegar and sodium hypochlorite associated with EDTA

“…It has good cost-effectiveness and its principle of action in mineralized tissue is similar to that of EDTA 4 . Apple vinegar associates a good capacity to remove smear layer from the dentinal tubule entrances 8,9,30 with bactericidal action against microorganisms that are frequently associated with endodontic infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus 7 and Enterococcus faecalis 10 . The high biocompatibility of apple vinegar is mainly attributed to the high concentration of malic acid in its composition 2 .…”

Disinfection of Dental Instruments Contaminated withStreptococcus mutansUsing Ozonated Water Alone or Combined with Ultrasound

“…January-February 2015 Several authors have evaluated the effects of ultrasound and ozone on microorganisms (Bott and Liu 2004;Estrela et al 2006), but they do not specify in their protocols the ozone concentration in water and the ultrasound dose that were effective in their tests. In this work, the specific ultrasound and ozone doses as well as the individual doses used in the combined tests were specified, allowing for a comparative analysis of the observed effects.…”

“…Although several works show a significant reduction in the number of micro-organisms using both ultrasound and ozonization in water, independently or simultaneously, the methods used did not aim at the hygienization of clinical instruments and did not establish practical methods to be used with commercial instruments (Bott and Liu 2004;Burleson et al 1975;Estrela et al 2006).…”