Influence of spatial, edaphic and genetic factors on phenols and essential oils of Myrciaria cauliflora fruits

Abstract

A composição química dos óleos essenciais e o conteúdo em fenóis (fenóis totais, taninos e antocianinas) bem como os teores de açúcares redutores e da acidez dos frutos de M. cauliflora foram obtidos de plantas cultivadas sob seis tipos de solo. As análises de redundância canônica (RDA) e de discriminante indicaram a presença de quatro grupos de amostras, tendo o α-copaeno e os teores de taninos, açúcares redutores e da acidez do fruto como variáveis preditoras. O particionamento da variância, conduzida por meio de RDAs parciais, revelou uma forte influência de fatores edáficos sobre o conteúdo dos fenólicos, açúcares redutores e da acidez dos frutos, enquanto que o polimorfismo nos óleos essenciais foi atribuído majoritariamente a fatores genéticos. Para todos os constituintes a influência espacial na variabilidade química foi significativa, embora menos pronunciada para os óleos essenciais.Essential oil chemical composition and phenolics (total phenols, tannins and anthocyanins), reducing sugar and fruit acidity contents of Myrciaria cauliflora were obtained from cultivated populations in six sampling sites. Canonical redundancy (RDA) and discriminant analyses revealed four clusters of samples based on contents of α-copaene, tannins, reducing sugar and fruit acidity as predictor variables. The total variation partition performed by partial RDAs showed a strong influence of edaphic factors on phenolics, reducing sugar and fruit acidity data set. However, the polymorphism of essential oils may be genetically determined. Spatial influence on chemovariations was significant for all constituents, but less pronounced for essential oil data. Keywords: Myrciaria cauliflora, essential oil, chemical variability, environmental influence, spatial pattern IntroductionThe Jaboticaba tree, also known as Brazilian grape tree (Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg., Myrtaceae), can be wild-grown or cultivated. Its berries are consumed in natura, thus offering an economic alternative for improving management of the remaining Brazilian Cerrado areas. 1 In the last decade, commercial products derived from Jaboticaba have increased in number and producers aim to improve the quality of different kinds of jams, ice creams, vinegar, liquor and wines. 2 Several reports have described the antioxidant activity of fruits, which is mostly attributed to the high content of anthocyanins and flavonoids in skins. 3,4 Two depsides were identified in a bioactivity-guided fractionation, both of which exhibited antiradical activity in DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, colon cancer cell cytotoxicity and inhibition of interleukin IL-8 production, suggesting anti-inflammatory activity. 3 Leaf essential oils were recently described and showed mainly sesquiterpenes, 5 a trend that has been observed in other Myrtaceae genera such as Myrcia, Eugenia and Psidium. 6 However, the major constituent in the leaf essential oil was γ-eudesmol, which is an unusual oil constituent for the Myrtaceae family. Essential oil constituents and phenolic contents...

Spatial structure of Eugenia dysenterica based on essential oil chemovariations and implications for conservation and management of the genetic diversity of its populations

“…O. Berg., Myrtaceae) essential oils, 25 which occurred at a local scale and thus suggested distinct ecotypes, the chemical differentiation among E. dysenterica samples could be explained by isolation due to geographical ) of third-order polynomial trend surface originated from the first two PCA axes of UTM geographical coordinates (northing, easting) and altitude of the sampling sites. distance, as a result of low-level gene flow among populations.…”

Physiological maturity of seeds and colorimetry of the fruits of Allophylus edulis [(A. St.-Hil., A. Juss. & Cambess.) Hieron. ex Niederl.]

“…However, in the perception of the primary colors and their shades, color definition assumes abstractness (Lima et al, 2007) allowing different interpretations for the same color. Added to this, fruits of the same species may show variation in color of the epicarp depending on the region of origin (Duarte et al, 2012;Cordeiro et al, 2013) which requires the use of better techniques to evaluate these variations safely.…”

Altitudinal and seasonal changes of phenolic compounds in Buxus sempervirens leaves and cuticles

“…Hence, higher leaf phenolic content is expected with increasing altitudes [15e24] or in the seasons with the highest UV-B irradiance [19,25,26], although a compound-specific variation has been reported [27]. However, altitudinal or seasonal variations in leaf phenols have also been related to other environmental factors, such as temperature [28e30], edaphic properties (texture and nutritional soil parameters) [31] or water availability [18]. Some previous studies have also suggested an ontogenetic effect more than an environmental effect on the total amount of UV-absorbing compounds in Mediterranean [32] or sub-Mediterranean [33] species.…”