Physiological maturity of seeds and colorimetry of the fruits of Allophylus edulis [(A. St.-Hil., A. Juss. & Cambess.) Hieron. ex Niederl.]

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the physiological maturity of A. edulis seeds, check if this is achieved in the same maturation stage, regardless of the collection region and, colorimetry of the fruit can be indicative of the time of harvest. Fruits were harvested in three counties of the western region of Paraná and visually classified into five ripening stages according to the color of the pericarp with the help of a digital colorimeter. Analyzed seed variables included morphological characteristics, germination and vigor. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The maximum dry matter accumulation of seeds was reached when the fruits reached the color orange. With the advance of the ripening process, red color fruits had seeds with lesser moisture content, coinciding with the maximum germination percentage and speed, besides generating seedlings with larger size and biomass accumulation. The green spectrum allowed to discriminate maturity from different places of harvest. A. edulis seeds with physiological maturity should be harvested when fruits present the red color, independent of the harvesting region or, with reflectance values between 28.0 and 49.2 nm in the green range of the color spectrum.

Seed physiological quality and harvest point of dovyalis fruits

“…This study proves that seeds obtained from fruits harvested during the first maturation stage generate seedlings with the lowest total dry biomass, which differs from the dry biomass of seedlings originating from the four other maturation stages. Similar results can be observed for other species, such as Physalis peruviana and Allophylus edulis (Sbrussi et al 2014, Kaiser et al 2016.…”

“…The same was observed in Aleurites fordii Hemsl. and pigeon fruits (Kaiser et al 2016, Lima et al 2016.…”

“…and Moringa oleifera (Nogueira et al 2013, Augustini et al 2015, and plants with fleshy fruits, such as Eugenia involucrata DC. and Allophylus edulis (Oro et al 2012, Kaiser et al 2016.…”

“…For determining the physical fruit attributes (color, fresh biomass, transversal and longitudinal diameters) (Sbrussi et al 2014, Kaiser et al 2016, four replicates of 25 fruits per class (100 fruits per class in total) were analyzed and visually classified in five classes, according to the ripening stage indicated by the exocarp color [stage 1: green fruit; stage 2: yellowish-green (less than 50 % of brownish exocarp); stage 3: brownish-yellow (50 % of brownish exocarp); stage 4: brown (more than 50 % of brownish exocarp); stage 5: intense brown (completely brown)]. The visual classification of the exocarp was based on the Munsell (1976) chart, with pigmentation quantified by the color spectrum reflectance ratio of red, green and blue, and a color analyzer (brand Instrutemp ® , model ITACR-135).…”

Physiological Maturity of Parapiptadenia rigida Seeds

“…According to Piña-Rodrigues and Aguiar, (1993) the physiological maturation of the seeds can be detected by physical changes such as changes in color of the fruit, size, odor, dehiscence of fruit, among others. Several studies indicate the change in color of the fruit as a good indicator of physiological seed maturation, Allophylus edulis (Kaiser et al, 2016), Inga laurina (Schulz, Oro, Volkweis, Malavasi, & Malavasi, 2014), Jatropha curcas (Rubio, Meneghel, Gomes, & Malavasi, 2013;Dranski, et al, 2010), Machaerium brasiliense (Guimarães & Barbosa, 2007).…”