Trace metals in the urban aerosols of Rio de Janeiro city

Abstract

De janeiro a abril de 2009, amostras de partículas suspensas (TSP) e de materiais particulados (PM 10 e PM 2.5 ) foram coletadas de uma área urbana característica altamente impactada pelo tráfego de veículos. As concentrações de metais nestas amostras foram determinadas por ICP-OES (espectroscopia de emissão por plasma indutivamente acoplado). Ca, Mg, Fe e Al foram os metais mais abundantes presentes em TSP e PM 10 , com concentrações maiores que 427 ng m -3 . Em PM 2.5 , os metais mais abundantes foram Fe e Ca (307 e 60 ng m -3 , respectivamente), enquanto que as concentrações de Mg, Zn e Cu foram aproximadamente 20 ng m -3 . Para PM 10 e PM 2,5 , correlações elevadas foram obtidas para Ca, Mg e Al, enquanto a correlação de Ca e Mg com Fe mostrou-se pobre, indicando assim que Ca, Mg e Al provavelmente se originam principalmente da resuspensão de poeira, enquanto Fe pode ser também proveniente de uma fonte adicional, como o desgaste de freio. Elementos antropogênicos (Zn e Cu) tiveram fatores de correlação baixos, sugerindo fontes de emissões diferentes. A presença de Cu pode estar relacionada com o desgaste dos freios e a de Zn pode ser atribuída ao desgaste do pneu. Em partículas finas, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn e Cu estavam presentes em razões mais elevadas do que em material da crosta. Uma vez que estas partículas são observadas principalmente devido aos processos de combustão, elas podem estar presentes na gasolina, óleo e lubrificantes. Fe foi correlacionado com Mn, enquanto fatores de correlação entre Ca e Mg foram relativamente baixos.From January to April 2009, samples of suspended particles (TSP) and particulate matters (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ) were collected from a well-characterized urban area that is highly impacted by vehicular traffic. The metal concentrations in these samples were determined using ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy). Ca, Mg, Fe and Al were the most abundant metals present in TSP and PM 10 , with concentrations higher than 427 ng m -3 . In PM 2.5 , the most abundant metals were Fe and Ca (307 and 60 ng m -3 , respectively), while the concentrations of Mg, Zn and Cu were approximately 20 ng m -3 . For PM 10 and PM 2.5 , high correlations were obtained for Ca, Mg and Al, while the correlation of Ca and Mg with Fe was poor, thereby indicating that Ca, Mg and Al probably originate mainly from the resuspension of dust, while Fe may also be originated from an additional source, such as brake wear. Anthropogenic elements (Zn and Cu) had low correlation factors, suggesting different emission sources. The presence of Cu may be linked to the abrasion of brakes, and Zn may be attributed to tire wear. In fine particles, Ca, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu were present in higher ratios than in crustal material. Because these particles are mainly observed due to the combustion processes, they may be present in gasoline, oil and lubricants. Fe was correlated with Mn, while correlation factors between Ca and Mg were relatively lower.Keywords: total particulate matter, PM 10 , PM 2.5 , trace meta...

Trace Metal Content and Health Risk Assessment of PM10 in an Urban Environment of León, Mexico

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Particle pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Increase and decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-8 in human lung cells

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Biomonitoring of metals for air pollution assessment using a hemiepiphyte herb (Struthanthus flexicaulis)

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