Sparkle/PM3 for the modeling of europium(III), gadolinium(III), and terbium(III) complexes

Abstract

O modelo Sparkle/PM3 é parametrizado para complexos de európio (III), gadolínio (III) e térbio (III). A validação do modelo foi realizada utilizando noventa e seis complexos de Eu(III), setenta complexos de Gd(III) e quarenta e dois complexos de Tb(III); todos a partir de estruturas cristalográficas de alta qualidade, com fator R < 5%. Os erros médios absolutos, obtidos com o modelo Sparkle/PM3, considerando todas as distâncias interatômicas do tipo lantanídeo-átomo ligante, foram 0,080 Å para Eu(III), 0,063 Å para Gd(III) e 0,070 Å para Tb(III). Estes valores médios são similares aos obtidos com o modelo Sparkle/AM1 (0,082 Å, 0,061 Å, e 0,068 Å, respectivamente). Além disso, a exatidão em reproduzir o poliedro de coordenação de complexos de Eu(III), Gd(III) e Tb(III) é similar à obtida utilizando métodos ab initio com potenciais efetivos de caroço. Finalmente, com o objetivo de avaliar se as geometrias preditas com o modelo Sparkle/PM3 são confiáveis, escolhemos um dos complexos de Eu(III), BAFZEO, para o qual geramos centenas de diferentes geometrias iniciais, onde variamos de forma aleatória as distâncias e ângulos entre os ligantes e o íon Eu(III). Em seguida, todas essas geometrias iniciais foram otimizadas usando o modelo Sparkle/PM3. Como resultado, observamos uma tendência significativa onde a geometria que apresentou o menor erro médio absoluto apresentou também a energia total mais baixa, o que reforça a validade do modelo Sparkle.The Sparkle/PM3 model is extended to europium(III), gadolinium(III), and terbium(III) complexes. The validation procedure was carried out using only high quality crystallographic structures, for a total of ninety-six Eu(III) complexes, seventy Gd(III) complexes, and forty-two Tb(III) complexes. The Sparkle/PM3 unsigned mean error, for all interatomic distances between the trivalent lanthanide ion and the ligand atoms of the first sphere of coordination, is: 0.080 Å for Eu(III); 0.063 Å for Gd(III); and 0.070 Å for Tb(III). These figures are similar to the Sparkle/AM1 ones of 0.082 Å, 0.061 Å, and 0.068 Å respectively, indicating they are all comparable parameterizations. Moreover, their accuracy is similar to what can be obtained by present-day ab initio effective core potential full geometry optimization calculations on such lanthanide complexes. Finally, we report a preliminary attempt to show that Sparkle/PM3 geometry predictions are reliable. For one of the Eu(III) complexes, BAFZEO, we created hundreds of different input geometries by randomly varying the distances and angles of the ligands to the central Eu(III) ion, which were all subsequently fully optimized. A significant trend was unveiled, indicating that more accurate local minima geometries cluster at lower total energies, thus reinforcing the validity of sparkle model calculations. Keywords:Sparkle model, AM1, PM3, lanthanide complexes, rare earth coordination compounds IntroductionLanthanide complexes of the trivalent ions of europium, gadolinium, and terbium display a wide range of applications, with newer one...

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