A simple and green analytical method for the determination of formaldehyde

Abstract

No presente trabalho foi investigado o desenvolvimento de um método espectrofotométrico limpo para a determinação de formaldeído em amostras comerciais. A substituição de reagentes altamente perigosos foi explorada, de modo a atender aos princípios estabelecidos pela química verde. O método proposto baseou-se na reação entre formaldeído e ácido cromotrópico na presença de sulfato de magnésio, produzindo um complexo estável Mg 2+ /ciclotetracromotropileno (λ max = 535 nm). Não há relatos na literatura sobre a utilização da reação supramencionada na determinação de formaldeído. As condições experimentais foram otimizadas, aplicando-se a metodologia de superfície de resposta. A lei de Lambert-Beer é obedecida na faixa de concentração de 3 a 11 mg L -1 de formaldeído, com coeficiente de correlação de 0,999. O método proposto para a determinação de formaldeído foi aplicado em amostras comerciais de desinfetantes e defrizantes capilares. Os resultados compararam-se favoravelmente aos obtidos pelo método oficial, demonstrando exatidão e precisão satisfatórias.A green spectrophotometric analytical method for determination of formaldehyde in commercial samples was designed and investigated. Replacement of hazardous reagents was explored to attain the clean chemistry standards. The method is based on formaldehyde reaction with chromotropic acid in the presence of magnesium sulphate producing a stable complex Mg 2+ / cyclotetrachromotropylene (λ max = 535 nm). To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the use of the above mentioned reaction for this determination. The experimental conditions were optimized by the response surface methodologies. Beer's Law is obeyed in a concentration range of 3 to 11 mg L -1 of formaldehyde with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The proposed method was applied for the determination of formaldehyde in commercial disinfectants and deffrizing hair products. The results were favorably compared with those of the official method, with good accuracy and precision.

Formaldehyde in Alcoholic Beverages: Large Chemical Survey Using Purpald Screening Followed by Chromotropic Acid Spectrophotometry with Multivariate Curve Resolution

“…For determination in alcoholic beverages, it is especially advantageous to have a method in which acetaldehyde, methanol, formic acid, acetic acid, and sugars do not interfere, even if present in the proportion of 10 : 1 or more [72]. The specificity of the chromotropic assay towards formaldehyde has been experimentally confirmed by several authors [63, 69, 73, 74]. Only Ahonen et al [75] detected an interference of acetaldehyde, leading to a lower finding of formaldehyde (88% at 1 mg/L of formaldehyde if acetaldehyde was contained in the solution in excess).…”

Environmental aspects of direct methanol fuel cell: Experimental detection of methanol electro‐oxidation products

“…Owing to poor reproducibility of formaldehyde detection in HPLC procedure, a colorimetric method was applied using a spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, Lambda 35) with a relative error of 2% [29]. An UV detector (Agilent 1200) was set at 220 nm for formic acid and a RI detector (Agilent 1200) for methanol detections.…”

“…The measurement error estimated from replicated measurements was less than 2% for both chemicals. Owing to poor reproducibility of formaldehyde detection in HPLC procedure, a colorimetric method was applied using a spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, Lambda 35) with a relative error of 2% [29].…”

Determination of formaldehyde in hair creams by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry

“…The literature discusses some methodologies and techniques for the analysis of formaldehyde in various samples such as blood, food samples, air, and cosmetics amongst others . Techniques such as spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis, and electrochemistry were used to determine formaldehyde . However, most of these techniques involve a series of tedious and labour‐intensive extraction steps and they also suffer from low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ).…”

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11] Techniques such as spectrophotometry, capillary electrophoresis, and electrochemistry were used to determine formaldehyde. [12][13][14][15][16] However, most of these techniques involve a series of tedious and labour-intensive extraction steps and they also suffer from low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the most widely applied method for the determination of formaldehyde.…”