Construction and application of an electrochemical sensor for paracetamol determination based on iron tetrapyridinoporphyrazine as a biomimetic catalyst of P450 enzyme

Abstract

Descreve-se a construção e aplicação de um sensor biomimético para determinação de paracetamol em diversos tipos de amostras. O sensor foi construído modificando a superfície de um eletrodo de carbono vítreo com membrana de Nafion ® dopada com tetrapiridinoporfirazina de ferro (FeTPyPz). Esse sensor apresentou melhor desempenho em tampão acetato 0,1 mol L -1 e pH 3,6. Nessas condições o potencial de oxidação do paracetamol foi de 445 mV vs. Ag|AgCl. O sensor apresentou uma faixa de resposta linear entre 4,0 e 420 µmol L -1 , sensibilidade de 46,015 mA L mol -1 cm -2 , limite de quantificação de 4,0 µmol L -1 e limite de detecção de 1,2 µmol L -1 . Estudos eletroquímicos e de seletividade demonstraram a propriedade catalítica da FeTPyPz como sendo similares a da enzima P450 na oxidação do paracetamol. O sensor foi usado na determinação de paracetamol em formulações comerciais e no acompanhamento de sua degradação eletroquímica em efluentes provenientes de um reator em escala piloto.This work describes the construction and application of a biomimetic sensor for paracetamol determination in different samples . The sensor was prepared by modifying a glassy carbon electrode surface with a Nafion membrane doped with FeTPyPz. The best performance of the sensor in 0.1 mol L -1 acetate buffer was at pH 3.6. Under these conditions, an oxidation potential of paracetamol was observed at 445 mV vs. Ag|AgCl. The sensor presented a linear response range between 4.0 and 420 µmol L -1 , a sensitivity of 46.015 mA L mol -1 cm -2 , quantification and detection limits of 4.0 µmol L -1 and 1.2 µmol L -1 , respectively. A detailed investigation about its electrochemical behavior and selectivity was carried out. The results suggested that FeTPyPz presents catalytic properties similar to P450 enzyme for paracetamol oxidation. Finally, the sensor was applied for paracetamol determination in commercial drugs and for the monitoring of its degradation in an electrochemical batch reactor effluent.

Redox cycling in nanofluidic channels using interdigitated electrodes

“…Paracetamol is a common ingredient in many pain medications [50]. Because overdoses can be lethal, testing of urine for paracetamol is a common procedure [51].…”

Flow injection analysis of paracetamol using a biomimetic sensor as a sensitive and selective amperometric detector

“…However, use of modified electrodes, such as biosensors 32,37 and more recently biomimetic sensors, 38 can enable operation at potentials much lower than those normally used, thus decreasing the interference.…”

Studies of the Electrochemical Degradation of Acetaminophen Using a Real‐Time Biomimetic Sensor

“…The risks associated with the presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment are still poorly understood and few norms exist concerning maximum acceptable levels [1]. Potential problems include residues of the pharmaceuticals that are used in large quantities in human and veterinary medicine [2] and, in the case of antibiotics, the development of resistant bacteria.…”

“…A previous paper described the electrochemical characterization of iron tetrapyridinoporphyrazine (FeTPyPz), used as a P450 biomimetic catalyst [1]. The sensors developed showed high sensitivity, selectivity and stability, as well as a long lifetime.…”