“…In the 1990 and 2000s, marine biotechnology in Brazil also included metabolite isolation from marine invertebrates and elucidation of the chemical structures of bioactive compounds (e.g., guanidine alkaloids) from marine organisms (Berlinck et al, 1996;Costa et al, 1996;Chehade et al, 1997), and mariculture (Thompson et al, 1999;Wasielesky et al, 2006;da Silva et al, 2013;Ferreira et al, 2016). In the twenty-first century, Brazilian researchers have explored marine microbial products, including the isolation of biologically active compounds, identification of biosynthetic gene clusters from symbiotic microorganisms, developed diagnostic tools to investigate invertebrate diseases caused by potentially pathogenic marine microbes (Hernandez et al, 2000(Hernandez et al, , 2004Pimenta et al, 2010;Romminger et al, 2012;Trindade-Silva et al, 2012;Ferreira et al, 2016;Nicacio et al, 2017), and evaluated antifouling compounds derived from seaweed (Da Gama et al, 2002), and anti-HIV molecules derived from marine brown alga (Stephens et al, 2017). Some relevant actions in Marine biotechnology in Brazil are summarized in Figure 1 and Table 1.…”