Ocorrência de úlcera por pressão em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas

Abstract

Objective: To identify the occurrence of stages II, III and IV pressure ulcers in patients undergoing elective surgery. Methods: A quantitative approach, with non-experimental research design, of a descriptive and prospective type. The sample consisted of 148 adult patients of both genders, undergoing elective surgery, according to predetermined selection criteria. Results: Of the sample evaluated, 108 patients were discharged from hospital, three patients died and 37 developed pressure ulcers. These patients presented 44 lesions, the majority of which were diagnosed as stage II (56.8%), followed by stage I (40.9%) and stage III (2.3%) lesions. The body areas most affected were the sacral / gluteal region (68.2%), the heels (18.1%), dorsal region (9%) and the external ear (4.6%). Conclusion: The occurrence of pressure ulcers was 25%, indicating the need for implementation of effective interventions for the prevention of these adverse events in the perioperative period. Keywords: Pressure ulcer/epidemiology; Perioperative nursing; Surgical procedures, elective; Incidence RESUMOObjetivo: Identificar a ocorrência de úlcera por pressão em pacientes submetidos a cirurgias eletivas de porte II, III e IV. Métodos: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, com delineamento de pesquisa não experimental, tipo descritivo e prospectivo. A amostra foi composta por 148 pacientes adultos, de ambos os gêneros, submetidos à cirurgia eletiva, conforme os critérios de seleção determinados previamente. Resultados: Da amostra avaliada, 108 pacientes receberam alta hospitalar, três faleceram e 37 desenvolveram úlceras por pressão. Esses pacientes apresentaram 44 lesões, sendo a maioria diagnosticada de estágio II (56,8%), seguida por lesões de estágio I (40,9%) e estágio III (2,3%). As áreas corporais mais acometidas foram a região sacro/glútea (68,2%), calcâneos (18,1%), região dorsal (9%) e o pavilhão auricular (4,6%). Conclusão: A ocorrência de úlcera por pressão foi de 25% indicando a necessidade de implementação de intervenções efetivas para a prevenção desse evento adverso no perioperatório. Descritores: Úlcera por pressão/epidemiologia; Enfermagem perioperatória; Procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos; Incidência RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la ocurrencia de úlcera por presión en pacientes sometidos a cirugías electivas de porte II, III y IV. Métodos: Estudio de abordaje cuantitativo, con delineamiento de investigación no experimental, tipo descriptivo y prospectivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 148 pacientes adultos, de ambos géneros, sometidos a la cirugía electiva, conforme los criterios de selección determinados previamente. Resultados: De la muestra evaluada, 108 pacientes recibieron alta hospitalaria, tres fallecieron y 37 desarrollaron úlceras por presión. Esos pacientes presentaron 44 lesiones, siendo la mayoría diagnosticada de estadío II (56,8%), seguida por lesiones de estadío I (40,9%) y estadío III (2,3%). Las áreas corporales más afectadas fueron la región sacro/glútea (68,2%), calcáneos (18,1%), región dorsal (9%...

Análise da prevalência de desbridamento cirúrgico de úlcera por pressão em um hospital municipal Analysis of the prevalence of surgical debridement of pressure ulcers in a municipal hospital

“…14 In patients who underwent elective surgery for the group that developed PU, it can be seen that the higher percentage (21,7%) patients were aged between 48 and 58 years old. 16 Data from this study are related to those described in the literature, indicating the relationship between age and development PU is quite close. The advanced age is closely related to patients who have undergone surgical procedure related to debridement of PU.…”

“…8 In descriptive quantitative survey of surgical patients, the results showed that the part of the body most affected by the injuries were the gluteal sacrum with (68,20%) and heels (18,20%) The survey also identified the ear (04,6%). 16 descriptive exploratory study conducted at University Hospital, the results showed that the regions most affected by ulcers were religious (50%), Achilles (20%), malleolus, knee and buttock a lesser percentage. 12 In research that aimed to determine the prevalence of UPP in inpatient units for adults at University Hospital, the results showed that of the 33 ulcers observed (39,30%) were located on the heels (27,3%) in the sacral region (9,1%) in the gluteal region (9,1%) malleolus and other locations as elbow and arm.…”

“…In addressing the merits, it is evident that 19 (40,40%) were from the home, 16 The PU presented in various anatomical regions, and the frequency of appearance showed that some patients who have undergone surgical debridement PU had more than one lesion. Next, in Table 03, they are characterized as the number and location.…”

Prevenção de úlceras por pressão no calcanhar com filme transparente de poliuretano

“…(15) The present study showed a calcaneal pressure ulcer incidence of 32% in patients admitted to the intensive care units of a public hospital, corroborating previous studies with reported incidences betwen 23,1% and 42.4%. (2,6,16,17) Another study of patients that were submeted a elective surgery the indices of pressure ulcer was 18,1%. (17) In terms of the days in which there was a greater incidence of pressure ulcer , results found a tendency toward development of pressure ulcer in the first two weeks of hospitalization, with higher incidence occurringbetween days 1-15, especially with in the first five days, with highest incidence in the first 48 hours.These findings were consistent with previous study results.…”

“…(2,6,16,17) Another study of patients that were submeted a elective surgery the indices of pressure ulcer was 18,1%. (17) In terms of the days in which there was a greater incidence of pressure ulcer , results found a tendency toward development of pressure ulcer in the first two weeks of hospitalization, with higher incidence occurringbetween days 1-15, especially with in the first five days, with highest incidence in the first 48 hours.These findings were consistent with previous study results. (4,5,18) Other study showed that development of pressure ulcer ranged from 11 to 20 days of hospitalization.…”