Ser gestante soropositivo para o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana: uma leitura à luz do Interacionismo Simbólico

Abstract

RESUMENObjetivo: Describir el contexto cotidiano vivido por mujeres embarazadas y seropositivas para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV), con enfoque en la experiencia de estar embarazada y aceptar ese estado. Métodos: Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de entrevista grabada, con 14 gestantes sabidamente seropositivas para el HIV, que se encontraban en el tercer trimestre de embarazo. El estudio hizo una lectura de los datos brutos sobre expectativas y acciones de las gestantes seropositivas para el HIV, bajo el marco teórico del Interaccionismo Simbólico. Resultados: Uno de los aspectos encontrados mostró que las mujeres infectadas con Sida aceptan el embarazo, inclusive cuando ocurre inesperadamente. Conclusiones: Los datos sirven de para los profesionales de enfermería para que promuevan acciones educativas que atiendan las necesidades de esas mujeres. Descriptores: Síndrome de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida; Embarazo; Enfermería

Maternity perception by pregnant women living with HIV

“…They externalized fear of vertical HIV transmission during pregnancy, the side effects of medication, prejudice about the disease, and at the same time voiced feelings of overcoming through self-care, confidence in adhering to their therapy, and attempting to overcome prejudice and the diagnosis of HIV recently discovered prenatally, even if absorbing this is not an easy task. 1,[6][7][8][9][10] Studies have shown that although HIV-positive pregnant women have reported experiencing a normal pregnancy, peculiar situations are evidenced in the daily life of pregnant women who acquired this infection.…”

“…In the case of pregnant women living with HIV, pregnancy has played a motivational role, in which the child becomes a reason for living and overcoming the adversity of living with an incurable and stigmatizing disease. 1,[6][7] In contrast, the desire to become pregnant brings the fear of pregnancy, as evidenced in the interviews, insofar as different perspectives were portrayed regarding the uncertain future and the possibility of vertical transmission. Feelings such as hope that all progresses well in the pregnancy, being able to have a child, being capable of taking the medication, witnessing the healing of AIDS, having a long life, having a "normal" life, and raising a healthy child are also commonly found in other studies.…”

“…1,6,7 Clearly, social and cultural pulls permeate the lives of women, influencing them to experience motherhood; the construct of this role configures in the social imaginary their self-realization as women, and the possibility of continuing their life and that of their family. In the case of pregnant women living with HIV, pregnancy has played a motivational role, in which the child becomes a reason for living and overcoming the adversity of living with an incurable and stigmatizing disease.…”

“…8,9,12 Faced with the possibility of vertical transmission, most pregnant women living with HIV are engaged, adhering to their treatment and attending their appointments; learning about the disease, its evolution, and the manifestation of signs and symptoms; and changing their lifestyle in order to encourage the promotion of health. 1 The child therefore becomes the strength and encouragement to overcome the obstacles of living with HIV, thus benefiting the physical and mental health of the pregnant women. 7 It is known that, despite all the effort made in monitoring and adhering to treatment, the risk of vertical transmission has not been eliminated; it has diminished considerably, to around 0-2%, provided that some therapeutic recommendations are followed.…”

“…The experience of pregnancy and motherhood gives life and meaning to the ambitions of women living with HIV, and culturally rooted feelings in this instinctive practice arise in the social imaginary as expectations for health, happiness, and continuity of life, family, and species. 1 Although some women living with HIV desire to become pregnant, others neither desire nor plan pregnancy at certain times of life. The recommended use of condoms during sexual intercourse, regardless of whether the partner is HIV positive, is not necessarily a common practice in the life of these women, and may or may not be associated with contraception.…”