Prática da enfermagem na conservação de vacinas

Abstract

RESUMOObjetivo: Identificar o conhecimento e o cumprimento das recomendações técnicas do Programa Nacional de Imunização sobre a conservação dos imunobiológicos nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde de um município da região Centro-Oeste de Minas Gerais. Metodos: Estudo descritivo transversal realizado em 26s Unidades Básicas de Saúde abrangendo 21 enfermeiros e 49 avaliadores de enfermagem entrevistados. Resultados: Foram observadas algumas deficiências que podem interferir na eficácia do Programa Nacional de Imunização, tais como, manutenção da rede de frio inadequada, desconhecimento da conduta técnica de limpeza quinzenal, desconhecimento das vacinas que podem sofrer congelamento sem risco de inativação e falta de ambientação da bobina de gelo reciclável. Conclusão: Foram sugeridos investimentos na formação, informação e capacitação dos profissionais responsáveis pela prática de conservação dos imunobiológicos. Descritores: Refrigeração; Programas de imunização; Vacinas. ABSTRACTObjective: To identify the knowledge and compliance with the technical recommendations of the Brazilian National Immunization Program regarding immunobiological preservation. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 21 registered nurses and 49 licensed practical nurses from twenty-six primary health care units in a municipal district in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Results: Several deficiencies that can affect the effectiveness of the recommendations of the National Immunization Program were identified: inadequate management of temperature of the refrigerator, lack of knowledge of the technical procedure for biweekly cleaning of the refrigerator, and lack of awareness of the recyclable ice box. In addition, there was a lack of knowledge of vaccines that would continue active even though they had been frozen. Conclusion: There is need for education and training of professionals responsible for the immunobiological preservation.

Knowledge and professional practice on conservation of vaccines

“…As in other studies 3,5 , many professionals surveyed demonstrated not know the ideal time to use of most vaccines after opening their bottles. This time is crucial for the effectiveness of action of immunobiological.…”

“…4 Also with respect to refrigerators, it is important highlight that its exposure to sunlight influences the maintenance of internal temperature may cause risk to the immunogenicity of vaccines, since they are sensitive to light. 5 Studies 3,5 have reported the lack of knowledge of the professionals about temperature intervals suitable for vaccine storage, the absence of thermometers or daily monitoring of temperatures, and also warned of inadequate organization of refrigerators and not exclusivity of them to store vaccines. Study 6 conducted in Campinas observed the nonconformity of the equipment available in the Basic Health Units, where 21% had bad state of conservation and 7.6% had no ideal state of operation.…”

“…7 From this perspective, it is relevant the specific technical preparation of professionals responsible for preparing rooms vaccine, since it is their responsibility to maintain the quality of immunobiologicals at the local level, since its receipt to the administration. 3,8 The safety, knowledge and proper practice are essential in performing all procedures related to this activity, which is possible through the implementation of training processes, adapting them to the new reality of the National Immunization Program (NIP), as well implantation of continuous and systematic monitoring processes 7,8 . Thus, it is of…”

“…These results were similar to those found in other studies. 3,15 The not ambiance of the coils can contribute to the exposure of immunobiological to temperature variations and consequent inactivation of immunogenic components. 19 It was found that most respondents reported performing ambiance of the coils, which diverged from the UBS study³ of a city in the Midwest region of Minas Gerais.…”

Conhecimento Dos Profissionais De Enfermagem Em Sala De Vacina: Análise Da Produção Científica

“…Estudos realizados no Brasil têm evidenciado a falta de conhecimento dos profissionais sobre intervalos de temperatura adequados para a conservação, inexistência de termômetros ou monitoramento diário de temperaturas, detecção de exposição frequente dos produtos a extremos de temperatura (<0°C e >10°C) durante o transporte e o armazenamento, organização inadequada dos refrigeradores e não exclusividade dos mesmos para estocar vacinas (FEITOSA; FEITOSA; CORIOLANO, 2010;QUEIROZ et al, 2009;OLIVEIRA et al, 2009).…”