Rede social de apoio às pessoas idosas estomizadas à luz da complexidade

Abstract

Objective: To describe the social network of support for stomized elderly people, represented by eco-maps of the multiple supporting relationships according to the Complexity referential. Methods: Case study, carried out in a stomatherapy service at a university hospital in the Southern region of Brazil. Patients were four elderly stomized people, three women and one man, interviewed at their homes. Results: The importance of family support, friend/neighbor network, stomatherapy service with its workers/interns of other stomized people in the care for elderly stomized people became evident. Although the Basic Health Unit is the entry door for the Single Health System service, the subjects of this study sought care for their health needs in the hospital itself. Conclusion: The social network of support reveals itself through relationships and interactions inserted in the complex social system. Care relationships are present in this social network of support to elderly stomized people and their families. Keywords: Surgical stomas; Aged; Old age assistance; Ostomy/nursing; Social support RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a rede social de apoio às pessoas idosas estomizadas representada por ecomapas das relações múltiplas de apoio, à luz do referencial da Complexidade. Métodos: Estudo de caso realizado em um serviço de estomaterapia de um hospital universitário da região Sul do Brasil. Foram sujeitos quatro pessoas idosas estomizadas, três mulheres e um homem, entrevistados em ambiente domiciliar. Resultados: Evidenciou-se a importância do suporte familiar, rede de amigos/vizinhos, serviço de estomaterapia com seus trabalhadores/estagiários de outros estomizados no cuidado às pessoas idosas estomizadas. Apesar da Unidade Básica de Saúde ser a porta de entrada ao atendimento do Sistema Único de Saúde, os sujeitos deste estudo buscaram no hospital a atenção as suas necessidades de saúde. Conclusão: A rede social de apoio mostra-se, por meio de relações e interações, inseridas no sistema social complexo. As relações de cuidado se fazem presentes nesta rede social de apoio às pessoas idosas estomizadas e família. Descritores: Estomas cirúrgicos; Idoso; Assistência a idosos; Ostomia/enfermagem; Apoio social RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la red social de apoyo a las personas de la tercera edad estomizadas representada por ecomapas de las relaciones múltiples de apoyo, a la luz del referencial de la Complejidad. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de caso realizado en un servicio de estomaterapia de un hospital universitario de la región Sur del Brasil. Como sujetos participaron cuatro personas de la tercera edad estomizadas, de las cuales tres mujeres y un hombre, entrevistados en su ambiente domiciliario. Resultados: Se evidenció la importancia del soporte familiar, red de amigos/vecinos, servicio de estomaterapia con sus trabajadores/practicantes de otros estomizados en el cuidado a las personas de la tercera edad estomizadas. A pesar de que la Unidad Básica de Salud sea la puerta de entrada a la atención del Sistema Único d...

Genogram and ecomap: brazilian nursing contributions

“…The authors also described these instruments as a therapeutic resource. 2,[15][16]22 In that sense, they were appointed as means to identify vulnerable points for the research participants, to indicate support strategies in the community and to reveal perspectives on the family relationships.…”

“…Papers were identified with "families" of: elderly people; 10,12,24,32 pregnant women with human papillomavirus; 23,27 women with human papillomavirus, in the form of a case study; 11 adults with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus; 8 nursing faculty members; 29 children who were victims of violence; 31 children with cancer 2 and chronic kidney failure; [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] patients with mental disorders; 3,14,28 users registered in the Family Health Program; 19 adults with chronic kidney failure; 13 hospitalized patients; 20 adolescent parents; 7 people living in rural areas 36 and, in one study, to understand the family context in the health-disease process. 25 "Individually", these instruments were used: with mental health service users; 15 with mothers of premature children; 6,21 mothers of pre-adolescents; 17 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury; 18 children in early childhood; 26 children with nephrotic syndrome; 30 stoma patients; 22 elderly people [33][34] and young victims of violence. 35 With regard to its construction, in seven papers, the genogram and ecomap were elaborated based on an individual interview; 6,[17][18]21,23,33,35 in 17 during group meetings; [2][3][8]…”

“…25 "Individually", these instruments were used: with mental health service users; 15 with mothers of premature children; 6,21 mothers of pre-adolescents; 17 patients with traumatic spinal cord injury; 18 children in early childhood; 26 children with nephrotic syndrome; 30 stoma patients; 22 elderly people [33][34] and young victims of violence. 35 With regard to its construction, in seven papers, the genogram and ecomap were elaborated based on an individual interview; 6,[17][18]21,23,33,35 in 17 during group meetings; [2][3][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][19][20][28][29]32,34 and, in three, 22,24,30 both individual and group interviews were used. In seven papers, 7,25-27,31,36-37 the authors did not mention how the instruments were constructed.…”

“…2,11,16,22,25,30 In four papers, the place where the interviews were held was not mentioned. 7,14,31,37 As regards the meetings with the families, in nine papers, 2,6,[9][10][11]20,28,32,36 it was mentioned that the data collection resulted from different meetings with the family; in one paper, a single meeting was sufficient to collect the data; 12 in two, it was reported that, first, a relation had to be established with the family; 19,22 in four, the construction of these instruments started during the initial contact with the family members. [2][3]17,36 The other 18 papers did not mention how these meetings took place.…”

“…The techniques used in the construction of the genogram and ecomap were mentioned in 22 papers, [2][3]6,[8][9][12][13][14][15][16][20][21][22][24][25][29][30][32][33][34][35][36] as follows: participation of the family members, use of materials, such as markers and color codes by the children, and the moments when the instruments were elaborated (first or second meeting) were described in some papers. In 12 papers, the construction process was not referred to.…”