Effects of oral parenteral nutrition solution on the morphology and mechanical resistance of the small bowel in rats

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of an elemental diet (ED) on the strength and on the morphology of the small bowel. Male Wistar rats were randomized to two groups to receive during 14 days either standard laboratory rat chow (N=16) or ED (N=16) containing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution. After this period they were killed and necropsied. The small bowel was measured and weighted with and without the contents. Bursting pressure (BP) was taken from the jejunum and ileum and histological sections of these two portions was performed to register the crypt depth (CD), vilus height (VH) and wall width (WW). All animals significantly gain weight. The bowel of animals fed with TPN solution had significantly less weight when compared with the controls either with (9.9 ± 1.9g x 7.8 ± 1.5g, p<0.05) or without (8.3 ± 1.3g x 6.5 ± 0.8g; p<0.05) the luminal contents. BP was lower in animals receiving TPN solution compared with controls in both studied segments but the difference only reached significance at the ileum (287 ± 60 x 234 ± 46 mm of Hg; p<0.05). VH, CD and WW were significantly shorter at the ileum in TPN-fed animals when compared to controls (p<0.05). This contrast was also seen at the jejunum though without significant difference. The small bowel looses mass and become less resistant when rats are fed with elemental diet though the nutritional state is maintained. The loss of mass appeared to be not only at the mucosa layer but through all the bowel wall. This occurs predominantly at the terminal part of the small bowel.

Effects of the combined use of glutamine and growth hormone in the intestinal adaptation after massive resection of the small bowel in rats

“…The mean value of the five best-oriented glands was considered to represent the data from each specimen. Wall width (WW), villus height (VH), and crypt depth (CD) were measured using a micrometer rule as published elsewhere 24 .…”

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Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the combined use of glutamine (GL) and growth hormone (GH) in the intestine of rats submitted to 80% small bowel resection. Methods: [24] Twenty four Wistar rats were randomized to receive either a standard rat chow -control group (CG, n=12) or the same diet added to 4% glutamine -GL-GH group (n=12) after 80% enterectomy. The latter group received subcutaneously 0,6UI/day of GH.

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Influência da glutamina na mucosa do instestino de ratos submetidos à enterectomia extensa

“…Para o estudo histológico, as amostras teciduais intestinais foram fixadas em solução de formalina, inclusas em parafina, submetidas a cortes microtômicos com 4 µ de espessura, perpendiculares à serosa e preparadas em lâminas coradas pela hematoxilina-eosina. Foram então estudadas quanto aos seguintes aspectos histomorfométricos propostos: espessura da parede, altura das vilosidades e profundidade das criptas 7 . Todas as amostras coletadas foram estudadas por dois observadores que desconheciam qualquer dado sobre o projeto.…”

“…O fator luminal, caracterizado pela presença de nutrientes na luz intestinal, é vital no processo de adaptação após ressecções intestinais 6 . Aguilar-Nascimento et al 7 , demonstraram que ocorre atrofia da mucosa intestinal em ratos sob nutrição parenteral. Fatores humorais são representados pelos peptídeos gastrointestinais, pelas prostaglandinas (PGE), e pelos fatores de crescimento.…”

Efeito do metronidazol na morfologia intestinal e na ocorrência de translocação bacteriana em ratos na vigência ou não de obstrução intestinal

“…Biópsias do jejuno, íleo e sigmóide foram colhidas e lâminas contendo cortes sagitais foram coradas pela hematoxilina-eosina para avaliação morfológica. As variáveis consideradas neste estudo histológico foram as medidas da profundidade de cripta, espessura de parede, espessura do vilo e número de vilos 20 . O estudo histomorfométrico foi realizado por um observador que desconhecia qualquer dado sobre o grupo ou subgrupo dos animais.…”