O antes e o depois: expectativas e experiências de mães sobre o parto

Abstract

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Resumo O parto representa um marco na vida da mulher, repercutindo profundamente nos seus planos físico, emocional e social. Antecipado na gestação, nas fantasias da mulher, continuará sendo revivido nas lembranças da mãe. O presente estudo longitudinal investigou as expectativas e o posterior relato da experiência do parto de 28 mulheres primíparas, com idades entre 20 e 37 anos. Entrevistas individuais foram realizadas no 3º trimestre de gestação e 3 meses após o parto. Análise de conteúdo qualitativa indicou que as mães relatam, durante a gestação, tanto expectativas positivas como negativas em relação ao parto, seja no que diz respeito a si própria quanto ao bebê. Já em relação à experiência do parto, houve uma tendência à polarização, com algumas mães relatando apenas sentimentos positivos e outras apenas sentimentos negativos. Apoiando a expectativa inicial do estudo, os relatos mostram que o parto se constitui em um evento que perpassa todo o processo de gestação e puerpério, marcando profundamente a história da mãe.

Vivência do parto normal ou cesáreo: revisão integrativa sobre a percepção de mulheres

“…21,24 Childbirth is a thrilling moment of personal growth towards the construction of a new identity, the status of being a mother, [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] surrounded by positive feelings often described as joy, happiness and fulfillment. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The satisfaction, preference or advantages associated with vaginal birth, regardless of women's previous experience of childbirth, were found in descriptions like: little suffering, faster recovery, requiring less care, experiencing less pain after delivery, the possibility of returning to daily activities sooner and being discharged from the hospital sooner. 11 , 15,21,24 Other women said that this type of delivery does not present any disadvantages, 11 Analyze the subjective and objective cultural aspects of women from the outskirts of Cuiabá-MT when going through the experience of vaginal birth in public hospitals or those outsourced by the SUS.…”

“…17 Having information regarding the delivery, having some control over the event and the degree of relaxation are positive perceptions in regards to the childbirth experience. 20 Two other important factors associated with satisfaction are: positive opinions about the healthcare team that assisted them in a careful and caring way, 15,[17][18]21 and the presence of a loved one or birthing attendant. 15,20 Vaginal birth , as an experience beyond the physical, and focusing on their mind, gives women the strength to cope with childbirth, demonstrating confidence in their ability to cope with labor and labor pains.…”

“…[14][15]17,19 Women expressed fear of pain, 16,19 a fear which was enhanced by stories heard outside the hospital about labor pains 18 that, for some, could lead to death. 14 Vaginal birth is perceived as a painful process, 11,17 with pain intensity viewed as greater than expected, 25 even for a short period of time, 21 added to by unexpected and painful procedures that contributed to higher levels of pain, 13,18,24-25 such as amniotomy or the administration of oxytocin to accelerate labor.…”

“…[14][15]17,19 Women expressed fear of pain, 16,19 a fear which was enhanced by stories heard outside the hospital about labor pains 18 that, for some, could lead to death. 14 Vaginal birth is perceived as a painful process, 11,17 with pain intensity viewed as greater than expected, 25 even for a short period of time, 21 added to by unexpected and painful procedures that contributed to higher levels of pain, 13,18,24-25 such as amniotomy or the administration of oxytocin to accelerate labor. 12,18,21,25 Discomforts associated with epidural analgesia, episiotomy and the type of delivery (with exception of elective cesarean section), 12,25 the transformation of the woman's body into an object of work, not respecting the woman's role in delivery and reproducing the medical model of care 19,24 also contributed to the negative perception of childbirth.…”

“…18 These negative perceptions regarding vaginal birth were described by women: loneliness, grief and abandonment, [14][15][16][17][18] sometimes associated with the absence of a birthing partner as insisted on by the institution. 18 Dissatisfaction with the experience of childbirth is also associated with lack of attention on the part of the team, 15,[17][18]22,25 complications with the baby, 15,22 prolonged 11,15,17 or difficult delivery, 15,[17][18]25 little or no control over labor by the parturient, frequent vaginal examinations, limitations of movement 25 and the sharing of rooms with other women experiencing negative vaginal labors, further increasing their anxiety levels. 18,25 The assistance provided by healthcare professionals during labor and birth, mostly in vaginal birth experiences, is characterized by an impersonal relationship in which professionals are distanced from the patient, 14.16 relations are unequal based on non-verbal communication, and technical terms are used that make it difficult for the women to understand information and instructions.…”