Narrativa: problemas e promessas de um paradigma alternativo

Abstract

ResumoO aumento de interesse no estudo da narrativa e seu contexto social sugere a emergência de outro caminho ao paradigma póspositivista e um melhor refinamento da metodologia interpretativa nas ciências humanas. O problema do entendimento dos padrões dinâmicos do comportamento humano parece estar mais próximo de uma solução através dos estudos da narrativa do que até mesmo de abordagens bem conhecidas, como a utilização do modelo de regras e papéis. Nesse artigo, abordaremos algumas das qualidades que fizeram do estudo da narrativa uma abordagem produtiva. Procuramos definir a noção de narrativa e diferenciá-la de outros padrões de discurso, tendo como base estudos sócio-psicolingüísticos, filosóficos e literários. Procuramos também identificar algumas dificuldades teóricas e possíveis riscos dos quais os estudiosos da narrativa deveriam estar conscie ntes. Finalmente, esboçamos uma compreensão da narrativa que objetiva levar em conta sua condição particular de um discurso contextualizado e seu caráter aberto e transitório. Palavras-chave: Narrativa; discurso; psicolinguística; métodos qualitativos; psicologia discursiva. Narrative: Problems and Promises of an Alternative Paradigm AbstractThe increasing interest in the study of narrative and its social contexts suggests the emergence of another strand to the postpositivist paradigm and a further refinement of interpretive methodology in the human sciences. The problem of accounting for the dynamic patterns of human behavior seems to be nearer to a solution through studies of narrative even than through such well-known approaches as the use of the role-rule model or script theory. In this paper we will look at some of the qualities that have made the study of narrative such a productive approach. In doing so, we shall define the notion of narrative and differentiate it from other patterns of discourse, drawing on socio-and psycholinguistics as well as on literary and philosophical studies. A second concern will be to identify some theoretical difficulties and possible dangers of which, we believe, students of narrative should be aware. Finally, we will outline an understanding of narrative that aims to take into account its particular discursive embeddedness and its transitory character.

Desenvolvimento da narrativa oral e o nível de escolaridade materna

“…These symbolic systems, in turn, are used by men so that they can build their representations of the world 12 . The narrative is used to recall events that have already occurred, being important tool for life [13][14][15] . The species of the narrative genre are varied, there are folk tales, evolutionary analyzes, fables, myths, fairy tales, justifications of action, memorials, advice, excuses, among many other narrative types 15 .…”

“…The narrative is used to recall events that have already occurred, being important tool for life [13][14][15] . The species of the narrative genre are varied, there are folk tales, evolutionary analyzes, fables, myths, fairy tales, justifications of action, memorials, advice, excuses, among many other narrative types 15 . Narrating allows for the establishment of relationships not restricted to logical causality, including psychological causality or intentionality to explain the events and situations 16 .…”

Produção escrita de narrativas: influência de condições de solicitação

“…Estas histórias guiarão a construção mais elaborada de roteiros mentais, necessários à compreensão e criação de narrativas próprias. (BROCKMEIER;HARRÉ, 2003).…”

Narrativas orais de crianças com desenvolvimento típico de linguagem

“…By the age of 3-4 years, storytelling includes a greater number of sentences concatenated with some narrative markers (11,12). In the fictitious narrative, one can observe the presence of secondary elements and insertion of non-true facts, although adults can sporadically intervene in the child's narrative regarding speech coherence and cohesion (9,11,17).…”