“…Non-orthopedic studies have included a range of surgeries including: cardiac (Antunes et al, 2008;Booth et al, 2010), aortic (Baigrie), stomach (Aguilar-Nascimento et al, 2007;Herrera et al, 2010), bowel (Herroeder et al, 2007 ), liver (Gravante et al, 2010;Sato et al, 1996), hernias (Correla et al, 2001), cholesystemctomy (Chambrier et al, 1996;Kristiansson et al, 1999) and various cancers (Veenhof et al, 2011). Among orthopedic studies, there are now a large number of reports involving the use of biochemical injury measures for risk screening including their use in attempts to identify post-operative fever, and infection.…”