Toxicological evaluation of ethanolic extract of Lychnophora trichocarpha, Brazilian arnica

Abstract

Abstract:The species of the genus Lychnophora, Asteraceae, are popularly known as "arnica" and are native from Brazilian savana (Cerrado). They are widely used in Brazilian folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, to treat bruise, pain, rheumatism and for insect bites. For evaluation of acute toxicity, the ethanolic extract was given to albino female and male mice. In open-field test, the extract of Lychnophora trichocarpha (Spreng.) Spreng. (0.750 g/kg) induced a significant inhibition of the spontaneous locomotor activity and exploratory behavior of the animals were observed 1 and 4 h after administration. In traction test, the same dose reduced the muscular force 1 h after administration. The exploratory behavior reduced significantly in the group that received 0.50 g/kg, 1 and 4 h after administration of the extract. The animals that received the doses of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 g/kg did not show any change of blood biochemical parameters comparing to control group and showed some histopathological changes such as congestion and inflammation of kidney and liver. The dose of 1.5 g/kg caused the most serious signs of toxicity. Histopathological changes observed was hemorrhage in 62.5% and pulmonary congestion in 100% of the animals. Brain and liver congestion was found in 62.5% of the animals.

Assessment of acute toxicity of the ethanolic extract of Lychnophora pinaster (Brazilian arnica)

“…The hematological evaluation provides important indication of local and systemic intoxication manifestations induced by drugs (Wyllie and Wyllie, 1991). However, changes in these parameters, along with biochemical parameters, occur relatively slowly and the length of the experiment probably was not enough to identify these alterations, as previously observed by Ferrari et al (2012).…”

“…According to Ferrari et al (2012) the extract of Lychnophora trichocarpha elicited serious toxicity signs to both female and male mice. A significant inhibition of the spontaneous locomotor activity and exploratory behavior in mice were observed in the open-field and traction tests; moreover, the same dose (0.75 g/kg) reduced the muscle strength 1 h after administration.…”

Antibacterial and toxicological evaluation of the ethanol leaf extract of Anthonotha macrophylla

“…Other researchers working on varied plant extracts also recorded similar effects (26,27,28,29). However, since changes in hematological parameters occur relatively slowly, the experimental duration may not have been enough to identify any alterations, and such was the findings with Lychnophora trichocarpha (30). Even though some of the phytochemicals found in the extract have established stimulant effect on hematopoiesis, the doses used may have been too small to allow such effects.…”

A administração sistêmica de extratos de arnica é segura? Uma revisão sistemática de ensaios pré-clínicos

“…Therefore, six articles were excluded due to following reasons: three articles included animals with comorbidity (Rodrigues et al, 2016;Schneider et al, 2015;Sharma et al, 2016); two article did not configure models of oral or intraperitoneal intoxication (Khuda-bukhsh & Chakrabart, 1998;Malpezzi-Marinho et al, 2019); and one research did not evaluate an arnica species (Mishra et al, 2011). Therefore, five studies (Bucciarelli et al, 2010;Facury Neto et al, 2004;Ferrari et al, 2012;Ferreira et al, 2014;Paula-Freire et al, 2014) were included in qualitative synthesis. Throughout the eligibility evaluation, the degree of agreement between the two researchers was considered almost perfect once the Kappa coefficient was of 0.992 (Landis & Koch, 1977).…”