Antibacterial and toxicological evaluation of the ethanol leaf extract of Anthonotha macrophylla

Essiet, Grace Akanimo; Anwankwo, Monday Udofa; Akuodor, Godwin Christian; Ajoku, G.A.; Offor, C C; Megwas, Anthony U.; Aja, Daniel Ogbonna John

doi:10.15171/jhp.2019.30

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…All observations indicate the nonhematotoxic nature of the extract at the doses used in this study. Similar effects have been observed before with ethanol extracts of Lychnophora pinaster and Anthonotha macrophylla [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Toxicological Profile of the Aqueous Extract of Tectona grandis L.F. (Verbenaceae) Leaves: A Medicinal Plant Used in the Treatment of Typhoid Fever in Traditional Cameroonian Medicine

Kamsu

Chuisseu

Feudjio

et al. 2021

Journal of Toxicology

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Tectona grandis (T. grandis) is a medicinal plant widely used in Cameroon to treat typhoid fever and several other diseases. Despite its heavy use for medical purposes, no study has yet been conducted to assess its potentially toxic effects. This study aimed at evaluating the acute and subchronic toxicological profile of Tectona grandis leaf extract in rats. The acute toxicity study revealed neither behavioral disturbances nor death in rats. The lethal dose (DL50) of this extract is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. The subchronic toxicity study showed no significant change in weight gain in rats at test doses throughout the treatment period. However, there was a significant decrease in alanine transaminase activity and serum protein levels at all doses. Alkaline phosphatase activity decreased at doses of 30, 90, and 270 mg/kg and increased at the dose of 810 mg/kg body weight. Serum and urinary urea levels increased simultaneously at doses of 270 and 810 mg/kg body weight. Repeated administration of the extract also increased total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein levels in both sexes were compared to respective controls, and the ratio of high- to low-density lipoprotein was found to be greater than 1 in all animals. However, at the dose of 810 mg/kg, necrosis was observed on the kidney sections and vascular congestion on the liver sections of animals. Aqueous extract of T. grandis did not lead to any adverse effects in rats after acute and subchronic treatment at 30 and 90 mg/kg doses. This extract can, therefore, be used for the formulation of typhoid fever phytomedicine at the therapeutic dose of 30 mg/kg, but before this, chronic and mutagenic toxicity evaluations must be carried out.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Toxicological Profile of the Aqueous Extract of Tectona grandis L.F. (Verbenaceae) Leaves: A Medicinal Plant Used in the Treatment of Typhoid Fever in Traditional Cameroonian Medicine

Kamsu

Chuisseu

Feudjio

et al. 2021

Journal of Toxicology

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“…Two common reasons for stomach ache are inflammatory diseases and infections. Therefore, other than the plants presented here, any plant with antimicrobial [37][38][39][40] or anti-inflammatory activity [41][42][43][44][45] may have beneficial effects in stomachache. Stomach disorders like other pain associated disorders are related to oxidative stress [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural remedies effective on stomachache in traditional medicine

Abassi

Ghaneialvar

Shahsavari

2020

Plant Biotechnol Persa

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Stomach ache is one of the most chronic and debilitating abdominal pains. Medicinal plants are one of the most accessible sources for treating diseases like gastrointestinal disorders. In this review, we investigate and report the most important medicinal plants recommended by Persian medicine for treating stomach aches and comparing them with their proven effects in modern medicine. Gastric pain was probed in Persian medicine reliable textbooks such as Cannon of Medicine (Ibn Sina), Tibbe-Akbari (Muhammad Akbar Arzaani), The Complete Art of Medicine (Kitab Kamil as-Sinaa at-tibbiyya) (Haly Abbas), Explanation of insults and signs (Kermani) Tohfeh Al-Mo'menin (Seyed Mohammad Momen Tonekaboni), and some notes were taken. The results showed that Panicum miliaceum, Punica granatum, Solanum nigrum, Calicotome spinosa, Tamarindus indica, Cuminum cyminum, Prunus domestica, Matricaria recutita, Viola odorata, Plantago psyllium, Berberis vulgaris, Pyrus communis, Linum usitatissimum, Vitis vinifera were the most important plant sources used in treating the stomach ache according to Persian medicine. The findings of this study showed that the useful effects of many recommended plants in Persian medicine are confirmed by recent scientific researches and are reliable.

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“…For AgNPs solution, discs laid on the agar surface were loaded with different volumes (5,10,15,20,40, and 60 µL), equal to 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/mL, respectively. After 24 hours, the potential zone of inhibition for AgNPs doses and EO concentration against all bacterial samples were monitored and calculated (29).…”

Section: Disc Diffusion Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial activity of airborne fungal mediated nanoparticles in combination with Foeniculum vulgare essential oil

Qaralleh

Khleifat

Al-limoun

et al. 2022

J Herbmed Pharmacol

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Introduction: A cost-effective and ecologically friendly method of generating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) includes pathways that utilize a variety of biological sources to decrease metal ions. This study was designed to synthesize AgNPs using a fungus strain Aspergillus flavus and evaluate its antibacterial activities alone or in combination with Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) essential oil (EO). Methods: The antibacterial activity of different concentrations of biosynthesized AgNPs by Aspergillus flavus individually and in combination with fennel EO was investigated using disc diffusion methods and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Bacterial species, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Shigella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were tested. Results: Formation of dark brown color, ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used for the characterization of AgNPs. Obvious synergistic effects were observed between AgNPs and EO of fennel (F. vulgare) with all tested bacteria except S. aureus, through increases in fold area of inhibition (IFAs) within the range of 0.15 to 8.87. Although S. aureus had the most susceptibility toward both AgNPs and EO of fennel (24 and 17 mm, respectively), no synergistic activity was exhibited. The best synergistic capacity resulted from AgNPs and fennel EO was observed against S. epidermidis (8.87-fold in IFA). Conclusion: This study revealed that when biosynthesized AgNPs were mixed with the EO of F. vulgare, they became more bacteriostatic and might be developed to treat bacterial infections in the future.

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Antibacterial and toxicological evaluation of the ethanol leaf extract of Anthonotha macrophylla

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Toxicological Profile of the Aqueous Extract of Tectona grandis L.F. (Verbenaceae) Leaves: A Medicinal Plant Used in the Treatment of Typhoid Fever in Traditional Cameroonian Medicine

Toxicological Profile of the Aqueous Extract of Tectona grandis L.F. (Verbenaceae) Leaves: A Medicinal Plant Used in the Treatment of Typhoid Fever in Traditional Cameroonian Medicine

Natural remedies effective on stomachache in traditional medicine

Antibacterial activity of airborne fungal mediated nanoparticles in combination with Foeniculum vulgare essential oil

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