Marine natural seaweed products as potential antiviral drugs against Bovine viral diarrhea virus

Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an etiologic agent that causes important economic losses in the world. It is endemic in cattle herds in most parts of the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect and antiviral properties of several marine natural products obtained from seaweeds: the indole alkaloid caulerpin (CAV, 1) and three diterpenes: 6-hydroxydichotoma-3,14-diene-1,17-dial (DA, 2), 10,18-diacetoxy-8-hydroxy-2,6-dolabelladiene (DB1, 3) and 8,10,18-trihydroxy-2,6-dolabelladiene (DB3, 4). The screening to evaluate the cytotoxicity of compounds did not show toxic effects to MDBK cells. The antiviral activity of the compounds was measured by the inhibition of the cytopathic effect on infected cells by plaque assay (PA) and EC50 values were calculated for CAV (EC=2,0± 5.8), DA (EC 2,8± 7.7), DB1 (EC 2,0±9.7), and DB3 (EC 2,3±7.4). Acyclovir (EC50 322± 5.9) was used in all experiments as the control standard. Although the results of the antiviral activity suggest that all compounds are promising as antiviral agents against BVDV, the Selectivity Index suggests that DB1 is the safest of the compounds tested.

Inhibition of Zika Virus by Marine Algae

“…Some studies have already shown the potential of these algae against other viruses. Studies with C. racemosa showed activity against Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) [35] and HSV-1 [4], as well O. obtusiloba also exhibits anti-HSV-1 activity described [36]. Hirayama, et al [37] study showed that the lectins from the cultivated alga K. alvarezii inhibit the HIV virus entry to the host cells.…”

Marine Bi-, Bis-, and Trisindole Alkaloids

“…The first (Scheme 1.17) involved a simple base-catalyzed cyclocondensation between a functionalized indole glyoxal and indole a-amino amide forming the pyrazinone framework (114)(115)(116), thus avoiding potential selectivity issues resulting from halide/organometallic coupling. 72 While this approach was most successful with nonfunctionalized indole moieties, it was not successful with bulky substituents at C4 of the indole glyoxal, which would be a necessary requirement to complete the synthesis of a compound such as 77.…”

“…98 In several animal nocireceptive models, 173 has displayed antinocireceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, the mechanisms of which have not yet been established. 112 Compound 173 showed moderate to weak antifungal activity against C. neoformans, 104 while the antiviral activity of 173 against herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) 113 and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 114 was assessed. Caulerpin was found to be slightly less active against HSV-1 than acyclovir but slightly more selective for HSV-1 over vero cells and hence less cytotoxic.…”

“…113 In the BVDV assay, 173 proved to be more active than acyclovir, again with greater selectivity. 114 In an unrelated study, 173 has been described as a green inhibitor of mild steel corrosion, where AFM and IR experiments suggest that 173 forms a protective surface on the surface of mild steel, thereby preventing corrosion. 115 There have been no reports of caulersin biological activity.…”

Marine Natural Products from Seaweeds

“…15 No Brasil, a caulerpina (4) foi testada como agente antiviral contra o vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV) com resultados pouco expressivos. 16 Além disso, conforme resultados anteriormente comentados, novos extratos foram testados e a caulerpina foi o princípio ativo responsável pela atividade anti-inflamatória e antinociceptiva observada nos extratos de Caulerpa racemosa e C. mexicana. [17][18][19] A atividade antioxidante de frações de Halimeda incrassata também foi estabelecida em estudos feitos por pesquisadores brasileiros, porém não foram isolados os seus princípios ativos.…”