The combined action of phytolarvicides for the control of dengue fever vector, Aedes aegypti

Abstract

Amongst other botanical sources, Annona muricata L., Annonaceae, seeds and Piper nigrum L., Piperaceae, fruits are particularly enriched with acetogenins and piperine-related amides, respectively. These crude ethanolic extracts are potent bioactives that can kill Aedes aegypti larvae (dengue fever mosquito). A. muricata displayed a 93.48 μg/mL LC50 and P. nigrum an 1.84 μg/mL LC50. An uncommon pharmacognostical/toxicological approach was used, namely different combinations of both extracts to achieve an improved lethal effect on the larvae. The independence test (χ²) was utilized to evaluate the combination of the two crude extracts. All of the tested combinations behaved synergistically and these novel results were attributed to the completely different biochemical mechanisms of the differentiated chemical substances that were present in the two botanical sources. Besides the two above selected plants, Melia azedarach L., Meliaceae, Origanum vulgare L., Lamiaceae, and Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil., Aquifoliaceae, in order of decreasing toxicity, may also be sought as potential extracts for the sake of synergic combinations.

Potential of <em>Annona muricata</em> L. seed oil: phytochemical and nutritional characterization associated with non-toxicity

“…Alkaloids were not found in AmSO or AmPtO (data not shown). The principal spot was present in all the samples analyzed in the present study, mainly in the methanol fraction, and may be associated to the presence of annonacin, considering that acetogenin is the major compound in A. muricata seeds (Moghadamtousi et al, 2015;Grzybowski et al, 2012;Champy et al, 2002). The strong absorption at 1745 cm −1 (lactone C=O), a strong aliphatic C-H absorption below 3000 cm −1 in the IR spectrum suggested the presence of an unsaturated lactone moiety in an annonacin-type acetogenin (Champy et al, 2002).…”

“…The thin layer chromatographic profiles were made with AmSO, AmPtO and their fractions obtained by SPE extraction according to Grzybowski et al, (2012). Chromatoplates were made with hexane: chloroform: nitroethane: ethyl acetate: acetone: methanol: acetonitrile: water (12:2:4:4:1:2:1.6:0.1, v/v) as mobile phase.…”

Active metabolites of the genus Piper against Aedes aegypti: natural alternative sources for dengue vector control

“…nigrum extract combination at 9:1. The authors suggest that the synergism of this combination was responsible for the morphological effects that took place in the larvae's bodies that lead to their mortality (Grzybowski et al 2012). Simas et al (2007) reported on the fractionation of P. nigrum ethanol extract.…”

Safety of Bioinsecticide Ekstract Sugar Apple Seed’s Granule (Annona squamosa L.) on Histology of White Rat (Rattus norvegicus B.)

“…The seeds of srikaya consist of various toxic compounds such as acetogenin, alkaloids, and flavonoids [7]. The toxicity possessed by this plant has a level of toxic residue that is easily lost which is about 48 hours after use [8]. The compound of acetogenin in srikaya seed consists of annonain which has chemical formula C35H64O7 and squamosin with chemical formula C37H66O7.…”