Caracterização anatômica e química de folhas de Jacaranda puberula (Bignoniaceae) presente na Mata Atlântica

Abstract

RESUMO:A espécie Jacaranda puberula (Bignoniaceae) é conhecida popularmente como "carobinha" sendo utilizada na medicina popular em comunidades tradicionais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar a caracterização anatômica e química das folhas de J. puberula. Para a análise anatômica utilizou-se a microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Para a análise química utilizou-se a Cromatografi a Líquida de Alta Efi ciência (CLAE). O mesofi lo é dorsiventral, a epiderme unisseriada com cutícula espessa, tricomas glandulares do tipo peltado e tricomas tectores em ambas as faces da epiderme, parênquima clorofi liano com duas a três camadas de células paliçádicas e quatro a cinco camadas de células formando o parênquima lacunoso, de tamanho pequeno, com muitos espaços intercelulares, hipoestomática com nervura pinada. Os estudos através de MEV evidenciaram a epiderme recoberta com cera epicuticular e glândulas peltadas com maior incidência na epiderme da face abaxial, constituídas por oitos células secretoras apicais. A análise cromatográfi ca do extrato etanólico evidenciou a presença de fi toquinóides e fl avonóides.Unitermos: Jacaranda puberula, carobinha, Bignoniaceae, anatomia foliar, cromatografi a líquida de alta efi ciência.ABSTRACT: "Anatomical and chemical characterization of Jacaranda puberula (Bignoniaceae) leaves present in Mata Atlântica". Jacaranda puberula is popularly known as "carobinha" and is used in medical practices of many folk communities. The objective of this work was the anatomical and chemical characterization of Jacaranda puberula (Bignoniaceae) leaves. The anatomical analysis was carried through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the chemical analysis it was used High Perfomance Liquid Chromatografy (HPLC). Cross and paradermic sections of leaf showed the presence of uniseriate epidermal cells covered by a thick cuticle layer. There are peltate gland trichomes of multicellular type and no gland trichomes (tectores). It was observed that the faces of mesophyll are distinctly. Two to three layers of palisades cells form chlorophylian parenchyma and lacunary parenchyma is formed of four to fi ve layers of small size cells with many intercellular spaces, pinad ribbing, hipoestomatic. The SEM studies evidenced estomata in the abaxial face of the epidermis covered with epicuticular wax. Eight secretory cells covered by cuticle form the peltate gland trichome. The chromatographic analysis of the ethanol extract evidenced the presence of phytoquinoids and fl avonoids.

Estruturas secretoras em cipó-d'alho (Mansoa standleyi (Steyerm.) A. H. Gentry, Bignoniaceae): ocorrência e morfologia

“…Dentre as principais características para a adaptação e o sucesso reprodutivo destacam-se as defesas antiherbivoria, exemplificadas pelas estruturas secretoras (nectários e tricomas glandulares), peculiares às espécies de Bignoniaceae (Lohmann 2008), que foram relatadas tanto para órgãos vegetativos (Martins et al 2008), quanto reprodutivos (Rivera 2000a;Rivera 2000b). Para Metcalfe e Chalk (1979) e Rivera (2000a, as diferenças anatômicas de distribuição e desenvolvimento das estruturas secretoras podem constituir caracteres de importância taxonômica.…”

Comparison of the phytochemical profiles of five native plant species in two different forest formations

“…Tests for terpenes quantified higher concentrations of saponins, steroids and triterpenoids in the LODF extract, with the exception of fraction 1, which was positive for steroids and triterpenoids in SSF but negative for these in LODF. Martins et al (2008) also found tannins, phytoquinoids and probably the presence of flavonoids in J. micrantha extract, with phytoquinoids being the most abundant. These compounds are related to defense against herbivores and pathogens, pollination, dispersal and allelopathy.…”

Using leaf anatomy to solve taxonomic problems within the Anemopaegma arvense species complex (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae)

“…A bifacial mesophyll was encountered in all species of Anemopaegma studied here. This type of mesophyll is the most commonly found in species of Bignoniaceae (Metcalfe and Chalk , Hyakutake and Grotta , Guimarães et al , Morretes , Gabrielli , Mauro et al , Pereira et al , Dousseau et al , Martins et al , Ortolani et al ). The prismatic crystals recorded in the mesophyll cells of A. acutifolium and A. glaucum var.…”

“…Several species of the Bignoniaceae with economic value (e.g. timber, medicinal, toxic and invasives), have also had the anatomical structure of their vegetative and reproductive organs described (Guimarães et al , Gabrielli , Renó et al , Martins et al ). In spite of the significant number of anatomical studies on representatives of the Bignoniaceae, few species of Anemopaegma have been anatomically investigated, with most of these studies focusing on A. arvense exclusively, especially its vegetative and reproductive organs (Hyakutake and Grotta ), extrafloral nectaries (Elias and Prance ) and leaf anatomy (Morretes , Mauro et al ).…”