Antimicrobial activity of methyl australate from Ganoderma australe

Abstract

RESUMO: "Atividade antimicrobiana do australato de metila de Ganoderma australe". Do fungo brasileiro Ganoderma australe foram isolados o ácido austrálico e o novo composto australado de metila, além de outros 9 compostos já conhecidos. Tanto o australado de metila quanto o ácido correpondente foram ativos contra fungos e bactérias Gram-positivas, sendo o éster metílico ainda ativo contra bactérias Gram-negativas.Unitermos: Ganoderma australe, Ganodermataceae, atividade antimicrobiana, australato de metila.ABSTRACT: In addition to nine known steroidal compounds, australic acid and the new methyl australate have been isolated from the Brazilian fungus Ganoderma australe. Both methyl australate and its corresponding acid were shown to be active against fungi and Gram-positive bacteria, the methyl ester being also active against Gram-negative bacteria.

A Review on Antifungal Activity of Mushroom (Basidiomycetes) Extracts and Isolated Compounds

“…Smânia et al [27] reported a reduced activity of two LMW compounds isolated from Ganoderma australe (australic acid (6a) and methyl australate (6b)) against Candida albicans, Microsporum canis and Trichophytom mentagrophytes. Australic acid proved to be more active against filamentous fungi.…”

“…Peptides with antifungal activity were also described as pleurostrin, isolated from Pleurotus ostreatus, which showed activity against Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Physalospora piricola [4]. Penicillium ochrochloron 4a,b (Ganoderma lucidum) MIC = 0.06 and 0.03 mg/mL [14] Penicillium verrucosum 4a,b (Ganoderma lucidum) MIC = 0.06 and 0.007 mg/mL [14] ( Trichophyton mentagrophytes 8-12 (Ganoderma annulare); 6a,b (Ganoderma australe) MIC = 500 g/mL -2.0 mg/mL [27,29] M-mycelium, the other samples refer to fruiting body. The antimicrobial activity was expressed in GI (growth inhibition percentages), CFU (colony-forming unities), MIC (minimal inhibitory concentrations), IZD (internal zone diameter) or IC50 (concentrations inhibiting 50% of the growth).…”

Research on Mushroom as a Potential Source of Nutraceuticals: A Review on Indian Perspective

“…The results of disc diffusion tests showed that the chloroform extract had growth inhibitory effects on B. subtilis and S. aureus. Smania et al (2007) observed MIC value of 2 mg/ml for E. coli and P. aeruginosa while 1mg/ml in case of S. aureus and 0.25mg/ml for Bacillus species with G. australate extract. Significantly high MIC ofan aqueous Ganoderma extract against B. subtilis (3.5mg/ml), Bacillus species (3.5mg/ml) have been reported by Yoon et al (1994).…”

Mycosphere Essays 20: Therapeutic potential of Ganoderma species: Insights into its use as traditional medicine

“…Pat. 1887 (24S)-24-Methyl-5α-cholest-7-ene-3β-ol and (24S)-24-Methyl-5α-cholest-7, l6-diene-3β-ol Strigina et al 1971 Alnusenone, Furanoganoderic acid, Friedelin, Ganoderenic acid F, Ganoderenic acid G, Ganoderic acid B8, 5,, Methyl ganoderenate H and Methyl ganoderenate AP Nishitoba et al 1989 Applanoxidic acid A and Applanoxidic acid B Tokuyama et al 1991Yoshikawa et al 2002 Applanoxidic acid F, Applanoxidic acid G, Applanoxidic acid H and Applanoxidic acid E Chairul & Hayashi 1994 24ξ-Methyl-5α-lanosta-25-one and Ergosta-4, 6, 8(14), 22-tetraen-3-one Gan et al 1998a Lucidone A, 24ξ-Methyl-5α-lanosta-25-one, Epidioxyergosta-6,9(11), 22-trien-3β-ol (9,11-Dehy-droergosterol peroxide), Ergosta-7, 22-dien-3-one and Ergosta-7, 22-dien-3β-yl palmitate Gan et al 1998b Ergosterol, Ganoderenic acid A, Ganoderenic acid D, β-Amyrenone, β-Amyrin acetate, Ganoderma aldehyde and 2, 5-Dihydroxy benzoic acid Ming et al 2002 Ergosterol; (24S) as C28 sterols from G. applanatum Cole & Schweikert 2003 Methyl ganoderenate D, 23-Dihydroganoderenic acid I, 11,15,methyl ester 3β,7β ,20,7β,20,11,11,20E (22)-dien-26-oic acid Shim et al 2004 D-mannitol, 2-methoxy fatty acids, cerebrosides, Daucosterol, 2, 5-Dihydroxyacetophenone, 2, 5-dihydro-xyacetophenone, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and Protocatechualdehyde Lee et al 2005 3α-Carboxyacetoxy-24-methylene-23-oxolanost-8-en-26-oic acid, 3α-Carboxyacetoxy-24-methyl-23-oxolanost-8-en-26-oic acid, 3α, 16α-Dihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-21-oic acid, 16α-Hydroxy-3-oxolanosta-7,9(11), 24-trien-21-oic acid and 3α, 16α, 26-Trihydroxylanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-21-oic acid De Silva et al 2006 Ergosterol peroxide (5,8-epidioxy-5α-8α-ergosta-6,22E-dien-3-βol), 22E,24R-Ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (Cerevisterol) Lee et al 2006 Methyl australate, 5α-ergost-7-en-3β-ol, 5α-ergost-7, 22-dien-3β-ol, 5, 8-epidioxy-5α, 8α-ergost-6, 22-dien-3β-ol, Methyl australate and Australic acid Smania et al 2007 Two laccase enzymes from G. australe Elissetche et al 2007 Fornicatin G (7β-hydroxy-11-oxo-3, 4-seco-25, 26, 27-trinorlanosta-4(28),8-dien-24-oic-3-acetyl ester) Fornicatin H Peng et al 2012 3β, 22S-Dih...…”