O referendo das armas no Brasil: estratégias de campanha e comportamento do eleitor

Veiga, Luciana Fernandes; Santos, Sandra Avi dos

doi:10.1590/s0102-69092008000100004

Cited by 8 publications

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“…Several authors have attempted to present explanations for the decision made by the electorate in October 2005, which represented the defeat of the proposal for disarmament (Romero et al, 2007; Veiga and Santos, 2008). However, according to my knowledge, nobody has attempted to evaluate its success in the legislature a few months prior to consulting the population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Question of Disarmament in the Brazilian House of Representatives: The Role of Parties, Ideology and Congressmen Background1,2

Neiva¹

2010

The Latin Americanist

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In this article I evaluate the question of disarmament in Brazil. Specifically, I attempt to examine a parliamentarian's position with regard to the voting that authorized the referendum dealing with the prohibition of the sale of firearms and munitions in the country. I discovered that a vote in favor of the control of firearms can be mainly explained by a parliamentarian's ideological/party position, independent of the Executive branch's opinion. The vote can also be explained by a parliamentarian's individual characteristics, such as profession, educational background and the region of origin. The tendency to vote against firearms control tends to be more closely related to certain aspects such as: affiliation to right‐wing parties, having a military background, coming from rural areas or states that border other South American countries, having a lower educational background, and being financed by the arms industry. Now parliamentarians that are affiliated with center or left wing parties and have a higher educational background tended to vote in favor of firearms control. Gender and religion were not important variables in explaining a parliamentarian's position with regard to the issue at hand.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Question of Disarmament in the Brazilian House of Representatives: The Role of Parties, Ideology and Congressmen Background1,2

Neiva¹

2010

The Latin Americanist

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“…See da Cunha , Fuks and Paiva , Lissovsky , Maia , Mendonça , Mota , Soares , Veiga and dos Santos .…”

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“…Luciana Fernandes Veiga and Sandra Avi dos Santos, “O Referendo das Armas no Brasil: Estratégias de campanha e comportamento do eleitor,” Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais 23.66 (): 59. Acionar valores e crenças permanentes no eleitorado brasileiro, como a instabilidade dos direitos dos cidadãos e a percepção de ineficiência do Estado .…”

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“Biting the Bullet” and Banning Guns: The Brazilian National Referendum of 2005 and Its Defeat at the Polls1

Soltis

2018

The Latin Americanist

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After the United Nations named Brazil the country with the highest number of gun deaths in the world in 1996, the Brazilian government set the date for the world's first and only national referendum to vote on gun prohibition in 2005. Although public opinion polls showed popular support levels over 80% just three months before the vote, the ban was surprisingly defeated with 64% of those who voted, or 59 million people, voting against it. To date, the existing studies on the disarmament issue have argued that the outcome reflected the success of the "No" Front's advertising messages that played off of widespread insecurity and violence, yet literature on other aspects of the disarmament movement remains limited. This study examines regional and state variation in voting results, showing the importance of overlooked cultural factors and finding that higher homicide rates and lower public security provision were associated with support for the ban. These results show that disarmament was not out of touch with civilian preferences as previous studies have concluded but was in fact an appealing public security response for Brazilians faced with crime and insecurity.

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“…Most explanations emphasized the rarity of public consultations in Brazil (Anastasia, Inacio and Novais, 2006;Araújo and Santana, 2006;Inacio, 2006;Lissovsky, 2006). Other explanations focused on the exploitation of fear of crime in the rhetoric of the televised gun lobby's campaign, which argued that given the inefficiency of the Brazilian state in protecting its citizens, a gun ban would leave citizens defenceless (Mota, 2006;Esteves, 2007;Goldstein, 2007;Veiga and dos Santos, 2008). Although not focused on the referendum, Borba's (2012) analysis also suggested that negative propaganda, such as the exploitation of fear, challenges ideas that political campaigns do not affect voting intentions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Armed Violence and the Politics of Gun Control in Brazil: An Analysis of the 2005 Referendum

Cavalcanti

2016

Bull Latin American Res

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This article analyses the factors behind the paradoxical result of the Brazilian gun-control referendum. It adopts a qualitative approach to explore the dissemination of ideologies surrounding crime, gun control and security. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with activists involved in the referendum's campaign. The results reveal that ideologically driven campaigns in a context of corruption scandals, high levels of violence and fear influenced the result. The neoliberal discourse of individual freedoms played a role, as did the phrasing of the referendum's question, fragile confidence in public institutions and unequal campaign funding and regulation.Keywords: Brazil, firearms, gun control, policing, public security, violence.Data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the United Nations reveal that on average 38,000 firearms deaths happen in Brazil annually. Between 1980 and 2012 over 880,000 people died from firearm wounds in Brazil, a country with firearm death rates higher than countries at war (21.9/100,000 inhabitants in 2012 and 47.6/100,000 among the population aged 15-29) (Waiselfisz, 2015). As a point of comparison, the world's average homicide rate in the year 2000 was 8.8/100,000; for high-income countries it was 2.9; for low and middle-income countries it was 10.1 (Bailey and Dammert, 2006).A decade has passed since the Brazilian Government approved a referendum that enabled the population to vote on whether to ban gun sales to civilians. A vote for the ban was expected to have had a significant impact on the international community and on gun control policies around the world. Three weeks before the referendum, campaigners were allowed prime television time to present their arguments. Prior to the campaign, opinion polls revealed that 80 percent of the population supported a gun ban (Datafolha, 2005;Anastasia, Inacio and Novais, 2006); however the actual referendum result was 64 percent against a ban as reported by the International Action Network on Small Arms (IANSA) (IANSA, 2005a).An analysis of the referendum and of the lessons that can be learned from this event in Brazil's history is timely given that the Brazilian gun lobby is now even more organised than in 2005 and that they have proposed significant legal reforms to Brazil's gun-control legislation. Among other changes, the proposed legislation (PL 3722/12) would reduce 36This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Armed Violence and the Politics of Gun Control in Brazilthe age requirements for purchasing firearms from 25 to 21 years old, extend the rights to purchase guns and the amount of ammunition that can be purchased -one person would be entitled to own up to nine firearms and purchase up to 5400 bullets per year, creating as Fernandes, Vicente and Silva (2015) put it, 'a dream' for the gun and ammunition industry.This article investigates the factors that influ...

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O referendo das armas no Brasil: estratégias de campanha e comportamento do eleitor

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

The Question of Disarmament in the Brazilian House of Representatives: The Role of Parties, Ideology and Congressmen Background1,2

The Question of Disarmament in the Brazilian House of Representatives: The Role of Parties, Ideology and Congressmen Background1,2

“Biting the Bullet” and Banning Guns: The Brazilian National Referendum of 2005 and Its Defeat at the Polls1

Armed Violence and the Politics of Gun Control in Brazil: An Analysis of the 2005 Referendum

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