Percepções da elite sobre pobreza e desigualdade

Reis, Elisa

doi:10.1590/s0102-69092000000100010

Cited by 64 publications

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“…They communicate the need of a stronger state, rather than a stronger democracy, as a solution to social problems. Meanwhile, statism has been a key dimension of South American authoritarian regimes, as exhaustibly explored in the literature (e.g., CARDOSO, 1979;MALLOY, 1976;O'DONNELL, 1973;PRZEWORSKI, 1991;REIS, 2000b). Does this means that elite public debate is more likely to end up rescuing authoritarianism than it is of generating more democracy?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elite Framing of Inequality in the Press: Brazil and Uruguay Compared

López

2016

Bras. Political Sci. Rev.

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Current elite studies argue that inequality produces negative externalities to elites, who may either promote democracy or adopt authoritarian measures in order to shield their interests from the actions of the rebellious poor. This article argues that elite framing of poverty and inequality in the press is a good thermometer of elite public response to such externalities. The press represents a communication tool shared by elites in the state, market, civil society, and, most evidently, the media itself. If inequality threatens elite rule, elites should share their concerns in order to move towards a solution. Since the literature links inequality and elite response, I propose undertaking a comparison of elite public responses to poverty and inequality in two South American cases with opposite records of inequality: Brazil and Uruguay. The article approaches elite framing of poverty and inequality in the press by analyzing opinion pieces and editorials in the main newspapers of both countries. Results invert the expected link between inequality and elite response. Elite framing of inequality in the Brazilian press did not suggest elite concern with externalities, neither an elite turn towards more democracy or authoritarianism. Contrastingly, a few Uruguayan elites did frame the poor as menacing.Keywords: Brazil; elites; inequality; press; Uruguay. [just] sitting there in their glory, and they think that they are trying to solve problems in the best way possible, but […] they don't know the communities, they don't even know everybody inside the state. Therefore, the most articulated layers of society, the ones that are able to make diverse pressures in an efficient way, are the ones that will be first and foremost beneficiated. (Extract from an in-depth interview with a male corporate leader from Brazil 1 ).he most popular models of elite behavior state that elites feel threatened by the poor in contexts of high income inequality and that significant political change is likely to follow-up threat perceptions (ACEMOGLU and ROBINSON, 2005;BOIX 2003). With that in mind, several elite studies use survey data and in-depth interviews as metrics of elite attitudes toward the poor (e.g., CLARKE and SISON, 2003;HOFFMANN-LANGE, 2010;HOSSAIN and MOORE, 2005;LÓPEZ, 2013aLÓPEZ, , 2014REIS, 2011;REIS and MOORE, 2005). This article proposes a different approach by examining insertions of elites in the editorial and op-ed pages of the press. It tests whether the basic premises of the mentioned models apply to Brazil and Uruguay in terms of the manner in which they frame poverty and inequality. I therefore take debates in the press as a proxy of elite public response to externalities of inequality.The Brazil-Uruguay comparison contrasts two opposite cases in South America.Brazil holds a record of high inequalities, while Uruguay poses a more homogeneous society and historically lower levels of income inequality. Moreover, Brazil is characterized by extreme levels of urban violence (BRINKS, 2008;CANO and SANTOS, 2007), which e...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Brazil is characterized by extreme levels of urban violence (BRINKS, 2008;CANO and SANTOS, 2007), which elites tend to attribute to poverty and inequality (REIS, 2000b(REIS, , 2011, while Uruguay poses low levels of violence and criminality (LÓPEZ, 2013a). In that sense, Brazil and Uruguay fit the two opposing poles described by recent literature.…”

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confidence: 96%

Elite Framing of Inequality in the Press: Brazil and Uruguay Compared

López

2016

Bras. Political Sci. Rev.

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“…Seeking to assess if Brazilian elites might seriously commit themselves to reduce poverty, in the 1990s I conducted a survey of 300 people who occupied leading institutional positions in the country (Reis 2000). Later the survey was complemented by a study based on in-depth interviews with 80 members of the elite.…”

Section: Surveying the Perception Of Poverty Among Brazilian Elitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty in the Eyes of Brazilian Elites

Reis¹

2012

The Role of Elites in Economic Development

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This paper discusses data from a survey and in-depth interviews on elite perceptions of poverty in Brazil. De Swaan tried to identify the circumstances under which elites are willing to mobilize resources in order to promote poverty reduction. This paper questions if de Swaan's analysis applies to Brazil. The main finding is that two parts of de Swaan's thesis do apply: that poverty is a problem for the rich in the sense that it generates negative externalities that they would like to reduce; and that the elite believe that there are effective remedies. What is missing for Brazilian elites is the third element, namely that the elite see poverty as their responsibility to do something about it.

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“…A literatura brasileira apresenta vários estudos sobre a reforma agrária como uma das soluções para os problemas sociais no campo (Reis, 2000;Buainain e Souza Filho, 2000;Gasques e Verde, 1999). Alguns estudos chamam a atenção para a necessidade de criação de empregos no campo em outras atividades para a população agrícola (Campanhola e Silva, 1999).…”

Section: A Razão Substantiva Como Forma Propulsoraunclassified

Para um agronegócio sem exclusão

Rozenbaum

Leitão

2006

Rev. Adm. Pública

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Desde que a industrialização do campo passou a criar contingentes de trabalhadores rurais desempregados, os governos vêm gastando recursos na desapropriação de terras para reforma agrária, sem levar em consideração a necessidade de também prover uma infra-estrutura adequada e, principalmente, os meios para o sustento digno desses cidadãos excluídos. Este artigo propõe uma mudança na política agroindustrial brasileira, destinada a ofertar empregos no campo, aproveitando a vocação exportadora do agronegócio. A experiência de outros países na questão das tensões sociais é tomada como referência.

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Percepções da elite sobre pobreza e desigualdade

Cited by 64 publications

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Elite Framing of Inequality in the Press: Brazil and Uruguay Compared

Elite Framing of Inequality in the Press: Brazil and Uruguay Compared

Poverty in the Eyes of Brazilian Elites

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