Desenvolvimento de uma escala de bem-estar subjetivo

Abstract

RESUMO -Há poucas medidas válidas de bem-estar subjetivo adaptadas à população brasileira. Nesse estudo, diversos itens foram elaborados para o desenvolvimento de um instrumento para mensurar os três maiores componentes do bem-estar subjetivo: satisfação com a vida, afeto positivo e afeto negativo. A Escala de Bem-Estar Subjetivo (EBES) foi respondida por 795 pessoas (idade média = 35,6 anos; desvio-padrão = 4,83). A análise dos componentes principais e a análise fatorial (extração dos eixos principais -PAF e rotação oblimin) revelaram os três fatores esperados: afeto positivo (21 itens, explicando 24,3% da variância, alfa = 0,95); afeto negativo (26 itens, 24,9% da variância, alfa = 0,95) e satisfação-insatisfação com a vida (15 itens, 21,9% da variância, alfa = 0,90). Juntos, os três fatores explicaram 44,1 % da variância total do construto. Os 69 itens da EBES foram analisados pela Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI). Os resultados demonstraram validade de construto da EBES.Palavras-chave: bem-estar subjetivo; validação; escala. Development of a Subjective Well-Being ScaleABSTRACT -There are few valid measures of subjective well-being adapted to the Brazilian population. In this study, several items were elaborated for the development of an instrument to measure the three major components of subjective well-being: satisfaction with life, positive affect and negative affect. The Subjective Well-Being Scale (EBES) was answered by 795 participants (mean age = 35.6 years old; standard deviation = 4.83). Principal components and factor analysis of their answers (extratcion of principal components -PAF and direct oblimin rotation) revealed the expected three factors: positive affect (21 items, explaining 24.3% of the variance, alpha = 0.95); negative affect (26 items, 24.9% of the variance, alpha = 0.95) and satisfaction-dissatisfaction with life (15 items, 21.9% of the variance, alpha = 0.90). Together, these three factors explained 44.16% of the total variance of the construct. The 69 items of the EBES were further analyzed using Item Response Theory (IRT). All the results supported the construct validity of the Subjective Well-Being Scale.

Expressão do afeto e bem-estar subjetivo em pessoas casadas

“…Em relação aos fatores que influenciam o BES, convém lembrar que este construto sofre influência tanto cultural (experiências compartilhadas que formam a base de uma maneira similar de ver o mundo) como da hereditariedade (Albuquerque & Tróccoli, 2004;Lykken & Tellegen, 1996). O sentido das experiências dos indivíduos é construído socialmente por meio de crenças, pressuposições e expectativas sobre o mundo ligadas também à transmissão que ocorre no âmbito da família.…”

The scientific study of happiness and health promotion: an integrative literature review

“…A contemporary tendency to relate SWB with the promotion of health is noted. The boundaries of these concepts are still confused and, consequently, its activation in terms of how it is measured was often shown to be misleading (5) .…”

“…Discussing the factors that influence subjective well-being, some authors maintain that it is a construct that is influenced both by cultural aspects (shared experiences that form the basis of a similar way of seeing the world) and heredity (5,9) . The sense of the experiences of individuals is constructed socially through beliefs, assumptions and expectations of the world.…”

“…Considering the techniques and instruments proposed in the included studies, homogeneity was not found, since the few studies that address the instruments used, measure subjective well-being indirectly, with the exception of a national study, which validated an international instrument for investigation of this concept (5) . Thus, there are still relatively few studies that address the development and use of instruments such as the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire MPQ (16) .…”

“…Thus, a series of conceptual and methodological questions have still not been formulated, which justifies a look that scrutinizes and examines the state of the art. It is important to emphasize that, given the lack of national studies (5) , it is difficult to draw comparisons with the international productions, that work predominantly from the cross-cultural perspective, which is closely related to economic indicators, working conditions and socio-cultural characteristics (6)(7) . This study aims to systematically review the national and international literature on this theme.…”