Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a gypsum mining impacted semiarid area

Abstract

RESUMO -(Diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em áreas impactadas por mineração gesseira no semiarido). O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do impacto produzido por mineração de gesso sobre a ocorrência e diversidade de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA). Amostras de solo foram coletadas nos períodos chuvoso e seco, em quatro áreas de mineração de gesso: caatinga nativa preservada (CN); arredores da mina (AM); área de rejeito (AR) e interface entre o depósito (rejeito) e uma área de caatinga degradada pela mineração (AI). Quarenta e duas espécies de plantas foram identifi cadas nas áreas; algumas não estavam presentes em ambos os períodos. Trinta e seis táxons de FMA foram identifi cados: 31 no período chuvoso e 31 no seco, com diferenças na composição de espécies. A atividade de mineração reduziu a diversidade de plantas e de FMA nas três áreas de mineração, comparando com a CN. Baixo índice de similaridade de plantas foi observado entre a CN e as áreas degradadas. Menor similaridade entre espécies de FMA foi observada no período chuvoso e entre a CN e as áreas impactadas. Glomus intraradices, Glomus sp.1 e Paraglomus occultum foram as espécies mais comumente encontradas, mostrando tolerância às condições edáfi cas nas áreas impactadas. Estas espécies devem ser testadas em programas de revegetação em áreas similarmente impactadas por mineração de gesso. Palavras chave: área degradada, gesso, micorriza, taxonomia ABSTRACT -(Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a gypsum mining impacted semiarid area). The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of gypsum mining on the occurrence and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Soil samples were collected in the rainy and dry periods in four areas of a gypsum mine: native preserved "caatinga" (NC); mine vicinity (MS); reject area (RA); interface between the reject area and an area of "caatinga" degraded by mining (IN). Forty two plant species were identifi ed in these areas; some were not found in both collection periods. Thirty six taxa of AMF were identifi ed: 31 in the rainy and 31 in the dry period, with different species composition. Mining activity reduced diversity of plants and of AMF in the three mining areas when compared to NC. Plant similarity indexes were low between NC and the degraded areas. Similarity among AMF species was lower in the rainy period and between NC and the ones affected by mining. Glomus intraradices, Glomus sp.1 and Paraglomus occultum were the most common AMF, showing tolerance of edaphic conditions in the impacted areas. These species should be further tested in programs of revegetation of similar gypsum mining degraded areas.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in an iron mining area and its surroundings: Inoculum potential, density, and diversity of spores related to soil properties

“…Carvalho et al (2012), evaluating different areas of rocky fields belonging to the Cerrado biome, also found variability in the diversity of AMF species among the sampled areas, and the authors attributed such a variation to the heterogeneity among the habitats evaluated. A richness of AMF species from 6 to 13 was detected in areas affected by mining in the United States (Kiernan;Hendrix;Maronek, 1983), India (Raman et al, 1993), and Brazil (Melloni;Siqueira;Moreira, 2003;Mergulhão et al, 2010); these values are lower than the ones detected in this study (20). Inocula from different areas may have been added to tailings piles in the process of their construction, and the higher diversity found there may be explained by heterogeneity among the piles and by the mixture of materials in their construction (Unpublished data of Diego Tassinari).…”

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi diversity in revegetated areas after bauxite mining

“…The predominance of spore and AMF species belonging to the Acaulospora, Rhizophagus and Glomus genera observed in this study is in accord with other studies in various ecosystems (Carrenho et al, 2001;Leal et al, 2009;Lovelock et al, 2003), including studies of reclaimed mining areas (Caproni et al, 2003(Caproni et al, , 2005Mergulhão et al, 2010). Caproni et al (2003) identified 57 species, belonging to six genera, with the greatest number belonging to the Glomus genus, followed by Acaulospora, Entrophospora, Scutellospora, Gigaspora and Archeospora.…”

Characterization of Rhizobia and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Areas Impacted by Gravel Mining in Brazil

“…Information about the recovery of areas that had their soil surface soil horizon by mining activities in the Caatinga biome is scarce, and the impact of this activity on rhizobia and AMF populations is poorly known (MERGULHÃO et al, 2010;CAPRONI et al, 2018). The hypothesis of the present study is that areas impacted by gravel exploration or disposal have not enough inoculum of rhizobia and AMF to colonize the introduced native plants.…”