Padrões de distribuição e especiação em Chrysobalanaceae e outras famílias de plantas amazônicas

Abstract

Acta bot. bras. 1(2): 1-25 (1988) sup •• PADROES DE DISTRIBUICAO E ESPECIACAO EM CHRYSOBALANACEAE E OUTRAS FAMiLlAS DE PLANTAS AMAZCNICAS Ghillean T. Prance (1)RESUMO -Neste trabalho sao apresentados padr6es de distribuic;ao geogratica de esp&ies de Chrysobalanaceae, Caryocaraceae, Dichapetalaceae e Lecythidaceae. Seis padriies sao discutidos: esp&:ies amplamente distribuidas, polim6rficas (ochlospecies) onde a variabilidade morfol6gica nao conduzia a especiac;iio; distribuic;ao disjunta onde a diferenciac;iio em esp~ie niio ocorreu; especiac;ao atrav6s de separac;ao hist6rica tal como isolamento durante 0 Pleistoceno; generos com grupos de esp6cies muito relacionadas, que niio podem ser subdivididos em subgeneros; utilizou-se diagramas de isolinhas de esp&ies para determinar 0 centro de diversidade dos generos; e, esp6cies de savanas que inicialmente tinham distribuiC;iio continua e que atualmente sao isoladas. A an3Jise de talhada dos padr6es de distribuic;ao 6 essencial para estudos de evoluc;ao e especiac;ao das plantas superiores.ABSTRACT -A review of distribution patterns of species of Chrysobalanaceae, Caryocaraceae, Dichapetalaceae and Lecythidaceae and their relevance to studies of speciation is given. Six p'attems are discussed: widespread polymorphic species (ochlospecies) where morphologIcal variabIlity has not led to speciation; disjunct distributions where species differentiation has not occurred; speciation through historic separation such as isolation into Pleistocene refugia; genera with groups of closely related species that have no logical subdivisions into subgenera; the use of isoline diagrams of species to determine the center of diversity of genera; and savanna species that formerly had continuous distribution and are now isolated into present day refugia. The detailed analysis of distribution patterns are essential for studies of evolution and speciation of higher plants.

Review of plant biogeographic studies in Brazil

“…Several patterns of disjunction have been described for the Brazilian flora (e.g., Prance, 1979, 1988; Giulietti & Pirani, 1988; Mori, 1988; Pirani, 1990; Granville, 1992; Prado & Gibbs, 1993). In many cases they appear to be the result of dispersal events rather than a consequence of the fragmentation of a wider ancestral distribution, as the distinct areas of occurrence have asymmetric species diversity (Lavin et al, 2000; Givnish et al, 2000); in others cases the disjunct distribution may be adequately explained by vicariance.…”

“…Most studies so far have emphasized the detection of patterns of geographic distribution by mapping occurrence data, relegating the explanations on how these patterns were achieved to a somewhat speculative level. Because the vast majority of the available studies lack a phylogenetic perspective (e.g., Prance, 1979, 1988; Giulietti & Pirani, 1988; Acevedo‐Rodríguez, 1990; Alves et al, 2003; Gonçalves, 2004; Cavalcanti, 2007; Fiaschi & Pirani, 2008), the information generated has been regarded as having little relevance for historical biogeography, as the detection of areas of geographic distribution correspond only to the very first step of any historical biogeographic analysis (Crisci et al, 2003; Santos & Amorim, 2007).…”

Diversidade taxonômica e padrões de distribuição geográfica em Picramnia (Simaroubaceae) no Brasil

“…Segundo Prance (1988), as "subespécies geográ-ficas" correspondem aos táxons infra-específicos de "maior valor na atual conjuntura de nosso conhecimento sobre a flora amazônica", acrescentando ainda: "As diferenciações entre as subespécies se manifestam em caracteres filogeneticamente menos importantes e que não justificam a separação a nível de espécie_ Provavelmente, existe algum intercâmbio genético entre as subespécies onde suas distribuições geográficas se sobrepõem".…”

Two centuries of distribution data: detection of areas of endemism for the Brazilian angiosperms

“…Several studies have contributed to the advancement of the knowledge of the patterns and processes that shaped the current distribution of angiosperms in Brazil (Prance, 1988; Prado and Gibbs, 1993; Carnaval and Moritz, 2008; Fiaschi and Pirani, 2009; Echternacht et al, 2011; Alcantara et al, 2018; Antonelli et al, 2018a; Stropp et al, 2020). Even though some studies have investigated the centres of diversity and endemism of angiosperms in South America, to date, no endemicity analysis (EA) has been conducted including all endemic flowering plant species from Brazil, and assessing the complete Brazilian territory.…”