Obesity, poverty, and food insecurity in Brazilian males and females

Santos, Leonor Maria Pacheco

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2013000200010

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Food and nutritional insecurity, especially when reaching severe levels, has been shown to be a key factor associated with maternal overweight (Franklin et al, ; Santos, ) and child stunting (Ali et al, ; Felisbino‐Mendes et al, ). HFI is determined by socio‐economic factors and leads to other vulnerabilities related to food access, such as overweight in adult women and malnutrition in children, a condition that influences their growth, cognitive development and overall health (Gundersen & Ziliak, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Household food insecurity (HFI) has been associated with both undernutrition and obesity (Shamah‐Levy et al, ), which is expected because both conditions result from poor eating habits and are likely to be related to the process of nutritional transition observed in Brazil and worldwide (Ghattas, ). In this context, overweight and obesity continue to be associated with poverty and other unfavourable social and environmental conditions such as HFI (Frongillo & Bernal, ), especially among women (Franklin et al, ; Santos, ). Among children, HFI has been consistently associated with undernutrition (Ali et al, ) and less consistently with overweight/obesity (Franklin et al, ; Kac et al, ; Metallinos‐Katsaras et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the double burden of malnutrition in food insecure households in Brazil

Gubert

Spaniol

Segall-Corrêa

et al. 2016

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Household food insecurity (HFI) has been associated with both obesity among mothers and undernutrition among children. However, this association has not been well investigated in mother/child pairs living in the same household. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of coexistence of maternal overweight and child stunting with HFI in Brazil. We conducted secondary data analyses of the 2006 Brazilian National Demographic and Health Survey. We analyzed the nutritional status of 4299 pairs of 15-49-year-olds mothers and their children under 5 years of age. The double burden of malnutrition (DBM) was defined as the presence of an overweight mother and a stunted child in the same household. HFI was measured with the Brazilian HFI Measurement Scale. The association between DBM and HFI was examined with hierarchical multivariable logistic regression analyses. Severe HFI was associated with DBM after adjusting for macroeconomic and household level socio-economic and demographic variables (Adjusted OR: 2.65 - CI: 1.17-8.53). Findings suggest that policies and programmes targeting HFI are needed to prevent the coexistence of child chronic undernutrition and maternal overweight/obesity in the same household. These investments are likely to be highly cost-effective as stunting has been identified as one of the major risk factors for poor child development and adult overweight/obesity and a strong risk factor for the development of costly chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the double burden of malnutrition in food insecure households in Brazil

Gubert

Spaniol

Segall-Corrêa

et al. 2016

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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“…Many studies were conducted in developed countries about the association between obesity and food insecurity and provided mixed results . However, very few studies were performed in developing countries where poverty prevalence is much higher …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food insecurity increases the odds of obesity among Iranian women: A population‐based study of northwestern Iran

Nikniaz

Tabrizi

Sadeghi‐Bazargani

et al. 2017

Nutrition & Dietetics

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Aim The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between obesity and food security status. The sample comprised of Iranian adults with an age range of 15–64 years. Methods In this cross‐sectional study (n = 1277), the short form of the Household Food Security Scale was used to determine food security status. Height, weight and waist and hip circumferences were measured, and body mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio, waist‐to‐height ratio and conicity index (CI) were also calculated. One‐way analysis of variance and logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the mean anthropometric measurements of males and females with different food security status (P > 0.05). After adjusting for covariates, there was no statistically significant association between food security status and anthropometric measurements in men. However, the low food‐secure females were 72% more likely to be overweight in comparison with very low food‐secure women (P = 0.04). Moreover, food‐secure females were 32% less likely to have CI >1.25 compared with very low food‐secure females (P = 0.04). Conclusions The results showed that there is an association between food insecurity and overweight, which is consistent with the finding of prior researches. In addition, for the first time, we showed the significant association between low food security and CI.

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“…One research reported an increase in adult obesity from 10.8% to 13.5% between 2006 and 2009 [25]. Another reported a higher rate of obesity increase from 1989 and 2009 among poor individuals compared to non-poor [26]. Indeed, this means that large societal changes led to an imbalance between caloric intake and expenditure in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A priority health index identifies the top six priority risk and related factors for non-communicable diseases in Brazilian cities

et al. 2015

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Background: In Brazil, 72% of all deaths in 2007 were attributable to non-communicable diseases (NCD). We used a risk and related factor based index to prioritize NCD prevention programs in the combined 26 capital cities and the federal district (i.e., Brasilia) of Brazil. Methods: We used 2006-2011 data (adults) from census and Brazil's surveillance of 12 NCD risk factors and 74 disease group mortality. The risk and related factors were: smoking, physical inactivity, overweight-obesity, low fruits and vegetables intake, binge drinking, insufficient Pap smear screening (women aged 25 to 59 years), insufficient mammography screening (women aged 50 to 69 years), insufficient blood pressure screening, insufficient blood glucose screening, diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia, diagnosis of hypertension and diagnosis of diabetes. We generated six indicators: intervention reduction of the risk factor prevalence, intervention cost per person, prevalence of risk factor, deaths attributable to risk factor, risk factor prevalence trend and ratio of risk factor prevalence between people with and without a high school education. We transformed risk and related factor indicators into priority scores to compute a priority health index (PHI). We implemented sensitivity analysis of PHI by computing it with slightly altered formulas and altering values of indicators under the assumption of bias in their estimation. We ranked risk factors based on PHI values. Results: We found one intermediate (i.e., overweight-obesity) and six top risk and related factors priorities for NCD prevention in Brazil's large urban areas: diagnosed hypertension, physical inactivity, blood pressure screening, diagnosed hypercholesterolemia, smoking and binge drinking. Conclusion: Brazil has already prioritized the six top priorities (i.e., hypertension, physical inactivity, blood pressure screening, hypercholesterolemia, smoking and binge drinking) and one intermediate priority (i.e., overweight-obesity) for NCD prevention identified in this report. Because effective interventions to reduce disease burden associated with each of the six priority risk factors are available, strategies based on these interventions need to be sustained in order to reduce NCD burden in Brazil. PHI can be used to track NCD prevention and health promotion actions at the local and national level in Brazil and in countries with similar public health surveillance systems.

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Obesity, poverty, and food insecurity in Brazilian males and females

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Understanding the double burden of malnutrition in food insecure households in Brazil

Understanding the double burden of malnutrition in food insecure households in Brazil

Food insecurity increases the odds of obesity among Iranian women: A population‐based study of northwestern Iran

A priority health index identifies the top six priority risk and related factors for non-communicable diseases in Brazilian cities

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