The study Birth in Brazil represents a real landmark for the field of scientific research on the topic of maternal and perinatal health. It arose from a specific Brazilian research call (Edital 057/2009 from CNPq/Decit) which asked for a nationwide survey on the consequences of mode of delivery for the health of both mother and child. At that time I led another proposal also submitted to this call. The winning proposal, this that the article currently under debate refers to, was led by Leal et al. I want to congratulate her and her team on the excellent work they performed. This indicates that the decision the examining committee took at that time was appropriate. To the best of my knowledge this is the first comprehensive assessment of childbirth conditions for a sample representative of the Brazilian population to which we have access.Among the countless possibilities for analytically approaching the huge amount of data they have, we are now focusing on "Obstetric Interventions during labor and childbirth in Brazilian low-risk women" as highlighted in this issue of the journal. This research used the full sample from the original study with information on 23,894 women and then selected those that could be classified as low risk by excluding diagnosis of hypertension, diabetes, obesity, HIVpositive, gestational age outside the 37-41 week range, multiple pregnancy, non-vertex presentation, birth weight below 2,500g or above 4,500g, and inadequate birth weight for gestational age, remaining with around 57% of low risk women in the sample. Additionally, depending on the topics focused in analysis regarding labor and vaginal birth, women who did not enter into labor and those who had cesarean section were also excluded. Although following a framework design typical for a cross sectional study, some information from these women was gathered at 45 days and six months postpartum through telephone interviews. This could be a weak point of the study considering we have no information on dropout rates for these two additional data collection periods and this could have introduced a selection bias, taking into account the practical difficulties and the usual relatively high rates of unsuccessful contacts at least in Brazil 1 .The article deals with practices during childbirth, not all of them with strong evidence to support its use or recommendation for non-use, as well as with the unnecessary use of technologies and interventions that could even cause harm to both mother and fetuses, and the excessively high rates of cesarean section among these low risk women, and hypothesizes that in spite of the high coverage of hospital deliveries in Brazil, the quality of obstetrical care is generally low. It showed that among those recognized as best practices in labor among low risk women, including eating and mobility during the first stage of labor (dilation period), use of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief and the appropriate use of partograph to monitor the evolution of labor were poorly implemented countrywide, and ...