Interação entre consumo alimentar e polimorfismos da GSTM1 e GSTT1 no risco para o câncer de cabeça e pescoço: estudo caso-controle em São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract

(OR = 10.79;Os produtos metabólicos do consumo de tabaco e álcool, principais fatores de risco para esse tipo de câncer 3 , podem induzir mutações diretas no DNA e aumentar a produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio, levando a danos no DNA e peroxidação lipídica 4 . As frutas e os vegetais contêm compostos que podem estar envolvidos em atividades quimio-preventivas pela regulação de enzimas detoxificantes, como algumas das glutationas S-transferases (GSTs) 5 , família de enzimas da fase II de metabolização 6 . Essa classe de enzimas, portanto, pode ter um papel relevante na susceptibilidade ao câncer 6,7 .As enzimas GSTs são codificadas em cinco loci distintos, dois dos quais podem ter relevância para a susceptibilidade ao carcinoma de célula escamosa de cabeça e pescoço, por codificarem as enzimas GSTM1 e GSTT1. Indivíduos com deleções homozigotas, tanto do GSTM1 quanto do GSTT1, não têm atividade enzimática funcional da enzima respectiva 6 , resultando em níveis aumentados de carcinógenos ativados 8 . Componentes das frutas e vegetais, são indutores das glutationa-transferases 5 . Adicionalmente, esses ARTIGO ARTICLE

Factors associated with lip and oral cavity cancer

“…Some studies in Oncology have assessed the predisposition of individuals to the onset of cancer [28][29][30] , which can even predispose them to the recurrence of it, with or without treatment. In the literature, cases of genetic predisposition to cancer of the head and neck areas is not well observed, but cases of genetic alteration acquired through the association of behavioral habits, such as tobacco use 29,31 , alcohol consumption 29,31 , viruses such as HPV 32,33 and even the consumption of red meat 34 . Such findings show that the prevention of this type of cancer becomes more feasible by combating and controlling factors related to habits and associated factors susceptible to intervention.…”

Consumption of minimally processed foods as protective factors in the genesis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in Brazil

“…Few studies have been conducted in Brazil to investigate the association between diet and HNC [7,14,58–61]. However, scientific evidence for the relationships between HNC in different locations and some types of food and nutrients remains insufficient or inconsistent.…”

“…It is also among the largest multicenter studies of the cancers examined conducted in Brazil; participating centers were in three Brazilian states. Other studies that have investigated dietary associations with the risk of HNC in Brazil have used data only from São Paulo [7,14,58,60,61] or Rio de Janeiro [59]. Moreover, the analyses in our study were subdivided by four HNC locations, in an effort to determine whether the protective role of minimally processed foods differed among these locations; in contrast, previous studies have focused only on oral and oropharyngeal cancers [14,58,60,61] or oral and pharyngeal cancers [59].…”

Malignant Neoplasms of The Head And Neck: Aspects Associated With Mortality

“…Some studies in oncology have evaluated the predisposition of individuals to cancer onset [18,19], which may predispose even the recurrence of the same, before a treatment or not. In the literature, they are not well observed cases of genetic predisposition to cancer in the regions of head and neck, but cases of genetic changes acquired by the association of behavioral habits, such as smoking [18,20], alcoholism [18,20] viruses such as HPV [21] and even the consumption of red meat [22]. These findings suggest that prevention of this cancer becomes more feasible to combat and control factors related to the associated habits and factors amenable to intervention…”