Autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in a non-endemic area: Bom Sucesso, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Silva, Marcio Roberto; Marques, Marcos José; Romanha, Álvaro J.; Santa-Rosa, Idael Christiano de Almeida; Carneiro, Cláudia Martins; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa

doi:10.1590/s0102-311x2008000200006

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Several epidemiological studies have been carried out on the importance of the dog as L. infantum reservoir in Brazil aiming to determine CVL prevalence in endemic and non-endemic areas (DANTAS-TORRES et al, 2006;SILVA et al, 2008;CRUZ et al, 2010;FREHSE et al, 2010). The present survey and serological analysis through IFAT detected the infection of Leishmania sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence and risk factors in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Almeida

Sousa

Cruz

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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In Brazil, canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is endemic and the number of cases in humans and dogs has increased in the Midwest region. A transversal study was carried out in endemic areas from Cuiabá, State of Mato Grosso, to assess data on seroprevalence and risk factors associated to canine infection. Four hundred and thirty (430) dogs were randomly evaluated through indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) considering variables related to the animals, the environment and the knowledge by owners on CVL aspects and control. From 430 dogs, 95 (22.1%) were seroreagent for leishmaniasis and animals living in rural environments present risk 1.9 times higher for acquiring the disease than those in urban environments (p = 0.01; OR 1.9). Factors related to animals' habits, such as free access to the street and guard function were considered indicators to predict infection by Leishmania sp. (p < 0.05) by statistical univariate analysis. The presence of agricultural activities was also a fact that contributed for the insurgence of the infection (p = 0.02; OR 1.68). The results contributed to the knowledge on the aspects of CVL in Cuiabá and point to an urgent need to include educational and sanitary programs in the city, since the region presents favorable characteristics for spreading the infection of CVL as already observed in other Brazilian cities.Keywords: Canine visceral leishmaniasis, dogs, risk factors, infection, Brazil. ResumoNo Brasil, a leishmaniose visceral canina (CLV) é endêmica e, na região Centro-Oeste, o número de casos em humanos e cães tem aumentado. Um estudo transversal foi realizado em áreas endêmicas de Cuiabá (MT) com objetivo de avaliar dados sobre a soroprevalência e determinar os fatores de risco associados à infecção canina. Quatrocentos e trinta (430) cães foram aleatoriamente avaliados pelo teste de imunofluorescência indireta, considerando-se variáveis relacionadas aos animais, o ambiente e o conhecimento por parte dos proprietários sobre aspectos da CLV e seu controle. Dos 430 cães, 95 (22,1%) apresentaram-se soros reagentes para leishmaniose, e os animais que viviam em ambiente rural apresentaram risco 1,9 vezes maior de adquirir a infecção dos que aqueles em ambiente urbano (p = 0,01; OR 1,9). Fatores relacionados aos hábitos dos animais, tais como o livre acesso à rua e função de guarda, foram considerados indicadores para prever a infecção por Leishmania sp. (p < 0,05) em análise estatística univariada. A presença de atividade agrícola foi também um fato que contribuiu para a ocorrência da infecção (p = 0,02; OR 1,68). Os resultados contribuem para o conhecimento sobre os aspectos da CVL em Cuiabá e apontam para uma necessidade urgente de incluir ações educativas e sanitárias na cidade, já que a região possui características favoráveis para a dispersão da doença como já observado em outras cidades.Palavras-chave: Leishmaniose visceral canina, cães, fatores de risco, infecção, Brasil.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence and risk factors in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Almeida

Sousa

Cruz

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…Introduced in 2006, the Brazilian strategy of measuring seroprevalences only in areas where human cases are registered certainly biased the prevalence estimations. In other endemic Brazilian cities, as well as in other countries, seroprevalences also varied widely, from 3% to 57% 27-30 . Therefore, L. infantum infection estimated by seroprevalence among dogs is quite unstable in different locations, and over time in the same location.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The performance of serological tests for Leishmania infantum infection screening in dogs depends on the prevalence of the disease

Mendonça

Batista

Schallig

et al. 2017

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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Dogs are considered the main reservoir of Leishmania infantum. This protozoan causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL), an uncontrolled urban zoonosis in Brazil. Serological tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on peripheral blood were performed to identify infected dogs in scenarios of higher and lower prevalence of the disease (Teresina and Vitória). One-hundred infected and 57 non-infected animals from Teresina and 100 non-infected animals from Vitória were studied. Animal selection was not dependent on previous serology. The sensitivity (Teresina) and specificity (Teresina and Vitória) were as follows: indirect antibody fluorescence (IFAT) cut-off of 1:40 (IFAT 1:40): 96%, 18%, and 76%; IFAT 1:80: 90%, 33%, and 93%; direct agglutination test (DAT): 96%, 33%, and 98%; fast agglutination screening test (FAST): 93%, 68%, and 100%; immunochromatographic assay with a recombinant rK39 antigen (rK39): 88%, 74%, and 98%; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): 91%, 79%, and 98%; rapid dual-path platform test (TR DPP®): 98%, 60%, and 98%; and blood PCR: 29%, 93%, and 97%, respectively. In the high transmission area, none of the tests adequately discriminated L. infantum-infected from non-infected dogs. However, in the high transmission city, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of FAST, DAT, ICrK39, ELISA and TR DPP® was high.

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“…Savani et al (2011) reported the first autochthonous L. chagasi case in Campinas-SP using PCR. Silva et al (2008) discovered 3% of Leishmania spp. seropositive dogs in Bom Sucesso-MG, which is an area that is non-endemic for visceral leishmaniasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leishmania spp. serology and Leishmania spp. PCR in dogs from Pirassununga, SP

Seabra

Pereira

Kuwassaki

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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We examined the presence of antibodies against the parasites Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Leishmania spp., as well the presence of DNA from Leishmania spp., in dogs from Pirassununga -SP. The seropositivity rate was compared with the animals' originating location. Three hundred seventy-three blood samples from the county's kennel and local veterinary clinics were collected and analyzed. A total of 300 samples were tested for T. gondii and N. caninum using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT); 45% (135/300) were positive for T. gondii and 24.3% (73/300) were positive for N. caninum. Three hundred seventy-three samples were tested for Leishmania spp. using the IFAT. Of these, 4.6% (17/373) were positive. Additionally, 145 samples were tested using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR); of these samples, 0.7% (1/145) was positive. Considering the results, we conclude that these parasites are present in the city of Pirassununga -SP and that the animals have contact with the protozoan. It is therefore necessary to create methods for disease prevention to maintain both animal and human health in regard to leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis.Keywords: IFAT, PCR, dogs, epidemiology, Leishmania spp., Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii. ResumoAvaliou-se a presença de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum e Leishmania spp.; assim como a presença de DNA de Leishmania spp. em cães de Pirassununga-SP, e associou-se sua soropositividade ao local de origem dos animais. Foram coletadas 373 amostras de sangue do canil municipal e de clínicas veterinárias locais, que foram analisadas pelo teste de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI). Do total, 300 amostras foram testadas para T. gondii e N. caninum, das quais 45% (135/300) foram positivas para T. gondii e 24,3% (73/300) para N. caninum. Para Leishmania spp. foram avaliadas 373 amostras pela RIFI, sendo 4,6% (17/373) positivas. Adicionalmente, 145 amostras foram testadas utilizando-se a PCR e, dessas amostras, 0,7% (1/145) foi positiva. Considerando-se os resultados, pode-se concluir que esses parasitos estão presentes na cidade de Pirassununga -SP e que os animais tiveram contato com os protozoários. Faz-se, dessa forma, necessária a divulgação de meios de prevenção às doenças, com o intuito de manter o controle sobre as mesmas, tanto na saúde animal quanto na saúde humana, em relação à leishmaniose e à toxoplasmose.

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Autochthonous canine visceral leishmaniasis in a non-endemic area: Bom Sucesso, Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Abstract: Abstract

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence and risk factors in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence and risk factors in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil

The performance of serological tests for Leishmania infantum infection screening in dogs depends on the prevalence of the disease

Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Leishmania spp. serology and Leishmania spp. PCR in dogs from Pirassununga, SP

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