“…Although the application of biosecurity measures (Burford, Thompson, McIntosh, Bauman & Pearson ) allowed this increase in production, culture of this species is still plagued by viral diseases (Lightner ). This issue has led to massive mortality and, in several cases, to endemic infections (Costa, Fraga, Andreatta, Marques & Zamparetti ). Recently, Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Syndrome (AHPNS) caused by Vibrios became an obstacle in some farming regions of Asia and Latin America, leading to losses in shrimp production (Tran, Nunan, Redman, Mohney, Pantoja, Fitzsimmons & Lightner ).…”