Marine aquaculture of bivalve molluscs is an important economic activity in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, with more than 5000 persons directly and indirectly involved and an annual revenue of US$ 18 million in 2013. In the first decade of this activity, a lack of proper regulation imposed multiple obstacles to the sustainable management of local shellfish farming. The occupation of marine space occurred in a disorderly manner, and the unplanned development led to unfavourable conditions that threatened the sustainability of the industry. This study describes how better planning and management tools have improved governance of marine aquaculture in Santa Catarina State. The process included development of a legal framework for aquaculture planning, elaboration of local development plans with a participatory and multidisciplinary approach, development of a geographic information system to identify favourable areas and creation of a Webbased aquaculture management system. The combined application of these actions, along with continuing extension services, is expected to contribute to the regulation of 837 shellfish farming areas, the expansion of farming activity, the mitigation of the environmental and visual impacts caused by coastal aquaculture and an increase in the public health of shellfish consumers. In this manuscript, we report an example of how the application of better planning and management of the aquaculture sector can prepare the industry for a sustainable growing cycle.

The aims of this research were first, to evaluate the antibacterial potential of commercial thyme essential oil against V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticys and second, using the spray drying technique to produce microcapsules. chemical compounds of thyme oil and microcapsules were identified and quantified being thymol the chemical component present at the highest concentration. Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions were prepared and the microcapsules were obtained with a spray dryer using maltodextrin as wall material (ratio 1:4). Thyme oil and the microcapsules exhibited antimicrobial activity against V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus. The spray drying process did not affect the antimicrobial activity of thyme essentialoil.Keywords: essential oil, Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis, bacterial control, aquaculture.Microencapsulação do óleo essencial de tomilho e avaliação de sua atividade antibacteriana sobre V. alginolyticus e V. parhaemolyticus ResumoOs objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar o potencial antibacteriano do óleoessencial de tomilho sobre V. alginolyticus e V. parahaemolyticys e produzir microcápsulas através do processo de secagem por aspersão (spray dryer). Os compostos químicos do óleo essencial de tomilho e das microcápsulas foram identificados e quantificadaos. Foi preparada uma emulsão de óleo em água (O/A) e em seguida foram produzidas microcápsulas em um spray dryer utilizando-se óleo essencial de tomilho e maltodextrina como material de parede na proporção de 1:4 respectivamente. Entre os vários compostos identificados, o timol apresentou maior concentração. O óleo essencial de tomilho e as microcápsulas exibiram atividade antibacteriana sobre V. parahaemolyticus e V. alginolyticus. O processo de secagem por aspersão não afetou a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de tomilho.Palavras-chave: óleo essencial, Thymus vulgaris, Thymus zygis, controle bacteriano, aquicultura.

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With the present project, the phytochemical composition of Uncaria tomentosa cultivated in Chapecó (Brazil) was analyzed and then the potential of using this local plant extract to protect by oral feeding virus-infected Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp was also investigated. For this study, five treatments were tested: uninfected shrimp fed with pelleted feed (T C ), WSSV-infected shrimp fed with pelleted feed (T 1 ), infected shrimp fed with pelleted feed with 1% ethanol extract of U. tomentosa (EEUT) (T 2 ), infected shrimp fed with pelleted feed with 2% EEUT (T 3 ), and infected shrimp fed pelleted feed with 4% EEUT (T 4 ). The chemical analysis of EEUT showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, terpenes, coumarins, and tannins and also a high in vitro free radical-scavenging activity as well as high total phenolic content. Shrimp fed with 2 and 4% EEUT (T 3 and T 4 ) showed a survival probability significantly higher than T 1 and T 2 treatments and no clinical symptoms of WSSV infection. Immunological assay also showed a positive phenoloxidase activity effect on shrimp fed with EEUT. KEYWORDSLitopenaeus vannamei, plant extracts, Uncaria tomentosa, white spot syndrome virus 1 Correspondence to: silvia.delamo@urv.cat

RESUMOA presença do vírus da síndrome da mancha branca (em inglês WSSV) nas principais espécies de camarões, siris e caranguejos de cinco lagoas que recebem o efluente de fazendas afetadas pela enfermidade foi detectada por nested PCR, e inclusões virais nos camarões por histologia.

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a relação entre parâmetros físico-químicos e biológicos do cultivo de camarão com a enfermidade causada pelo vírus da síndrome da mancha-branca (WSSV). Foram avaliadas a mortalidade, as características físicas e químicas da água e do solo, e foram realizados os exames e as análises microscópicas a fresco, presença de víbrios na hemolinfa, além do diagnóstico histopatológico e molecular (PCR) do WSSV, em viveiros de oito fazendas de Santa Catarina, entre 2008 e 2009. O vírus foi detectado em cinco fazendas com registros da enfermidade em ciclos anteriores. A temperatura da água foi semelhante entre as fazendas com e sem WSSV, e a mortalidade ocorreu a intervalos ascendentes entre 24,6 e 29,3ºC. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos parâmetros de análises microscópicas a fresco, tempo de coagulação e presença de víbrios na hemolinfa e sinais clínicos, entre viveiros com e sem WSSV. As concentrações de nitrito, sílica, fenol e alcalinidade na água e pH do solo apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os viveiros afetados ou não por WSSV. Os valores de nitrito, sílica e pH do solo estavam dentro dos limites recomendados para o cultivo de camarões, no entanto, isto não ocorreu com a alcalinidade e a concentração de fenol, o que sugere uma relação dos últimos com a manifestação da enfermidade da mancha-branca.Termos para indexação: Litopenaeus vannamei, alcalinidade, fenol, vírus da mancha-branca, WSSV. Cultivation parameters and the white spot disease in shrimp farms in Santa Catarina, BrazilAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship among physicochemical and biological parameters in shrimp cultivation with the disease caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). The occurrence of mortality, physical and chemical characteristics of water and soil were evaluated, and clinical and microscopic analyses and the presence of vibrio in hemolymph, were performed as well as the histopathological and molecular diagnosis (PCR) of the WSSV in ponds of eight farms in Santa Catarina, Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. The virus was detected in five farms, which had displayed the disease in previous cycles. The temperature of the water was similar among farms independently of the presence of the virus, and mortality occurred at ascendant temperature intervals, between 24.6 and 29.3ºC. No significant differences were found for the parameters of microscopic analyses among ponds either with or without the virus. Nitrite, silica, phenol and water-alkalinity concentrations, as well as soil pH values, showed significant differences among the ponds affected or not by the WSSV. Nitrite, silica and pH values were within the recommended limits for shrimp cultivation, however this did not occur for the alkalinity and phenol concentrations, wich suggests a relationship of the latter parameters with manifestation of the white spot disease.