Abelhas e vespas solitárias em ninhos-armadilha na Reserva Biológica Guaribas (Mamanguape, Paraíba, Brasil)

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Trap-nesting solitary bees and wasps (Hymenoptera) in Guaribas Biological Reserve (Mamanguape, Paraíba, Brasil). The trap-nesting bees of Guaribas Biological Reserve were studied during one year. Three areas with different vegetation types were sampled, open savanas, c10sed forest, and a mosaic of these two types. Twelve species oftrap-nesting bees were observed, four ofwhich are parasites. The most abundant species were Centris tarsata (Smith, 1879), C. analis (Fabricius, 1804), Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, 1810, and Mesocheira bicolor (Fabricius, 1804). Nesting of Centris tarsata and Mesocheira bicolor occurred mainly during the dry season, while Centris analis and Tetrapedia diversipes did not show any seasonaI preferences. Mesocheira bicolor occurred only in the nests of C. tarsata, parasitizing more than 50% of the nests and representing 23.2% of the individuais emerged in the host nests. The mosaic area yielded a greater abundance and diversity. Comparing the sampling methods of trap-nests and entomological nets, conducted simultaneously in the sarne area, in relation to diversity of trap nesting bees, it was observed a great similarity in terms of composition and differences of abundance in species sampled. Some hypothesis are discussed to explain a reason for the greater diversity and abundance of the mosaic area in relation to the other areas.

Trap-nesting bees (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) in areas of dry semideciduous forest and caatinga, Bahia, Brazil

“…These data reveal, thus, that C. tarsata is successful in nesting in hot and open vegetation, in forest areas and in agricultural (as site BG-II) and human disturbed areas (as site IP-III) since there are available cavities. On the other hand, C. analis nested only in coastal savanna and in closed forest (AGUIAR & MARTINS 2002) and, as observed in this study, in forested areas. Although this species showed low nesting frequency in Baixa Grande, it was the second most abundant species at Guariba Biological Reserva (AGUIAR & MARTINS 2002).…”

“…These figures as also that found by MORATO & CAMPOS (2000) in Amazonic forest (Central Amazonia, 14 species), are higher than that obtained in this work in a dry semideciduous forest (Baixa Grande, 11 species). On the other hand, the species richness in the caatinga in Ipirá (7 species) was similar to that found for sand dunes areas in Salvador, Bahia (7 species) by VIANA et al (2001), and higher than those reported by AGUIAR & MARTINS (2002) for habitats of open savanna (5 to 8 species) and closed forest at Guaribas Biological Reserve (2 species, in Mamanguape, Paraíba). The low species richness of bees found in the caatinga and in the sand dunes coincides with the patterns observed from collecting of bees at flowers (MARTINS 1994, AGUIAR & MARTINS 1997, VIANA 1999, VIANA & ALVES-DOS-SANTOS 2002, AGUIAR & ZANELLA 2005.…”

“…In northeastern region has been observed a predominance of nesting by C. tarsata in semi-deciduous forest (37% of the total of nests in this work), in the Atlantic forest (58%) and coastal savanna (39% -52%) (AGUIAR & MARTINS 2002) as well as in sand dunes (58%) and caatinga (55% in this work) areas. These data reveal, thus, that C. tarsata is successful in nesting in hot and open vegetation, in forest areas and in agricultural (as site BG-II) and human disturbed areas (as site IP-III) since there are available cavities.…”

“…The studies made in Brazil have shown that Centris species are usually those that nest at highest frequency in trapnests (CAMILLO et al 1995, MORATO & CAMPOS 2000, AGUIAR & MARTINS 2002. In northeastern region has been observed a predominance of nesting by C. tarsata in semi-deciduous forest (37% of the total of nests in this work), in the Atlantic forest (58%) and coastal savanna (39% -52%) (AGUIAR & MARTINS 2002) as well as in sand dunes (58%) and caatinga (55% in this work) areas.…”

“…Some of the studies were made to obtain information on the nesting biology (KROMBEIN 1967, STRICKLER et al 1996, PEREIRA et al 1999, MORATO et al 1999, JESUS & GARÓFALO 2000, AGUIAR & GARÓFALO 2004, ZILLIKENS & STEINER 2004, whereas other provide information on population dynamics (JAYASINGH & FREEMAN 1980), preferred habitats (FRANKIE et al 1988, GATHMANN et al 1994, reproductive biology of parasites which hosts nest in trap-nests (SCOTT et al 2000, GAZOLA & GARÓFALO 2003 and composition and seasonal patterns of communities (CAMILLO et al 1995, GARÓFALO 2000, AGUIAR & MARTINS, 2002ALVES-DOS-SANTOS 2003). More recently, trap-nesting bees and wasps have been used in researches designed to evaluate the habitat quality (FRANKIE et al 1998, TSCHARNTKE et al 1998, the effects of habitat fragmentation and of the landscape complexity on community composition and predator-prey interactions (MORATO & CAMPOS 2000, MORATO 2001, STEFFAN-DEWENTER 2002, KRUESS & TSCHARNTKE 2002 asil.…”