Larvas de Scinax rizibilis (Bokermann) (Anura, Hylidae): avaliando o efeito parental

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Tadpoles of Scillax rizibilis (Bokermann) (Anura, HyJidae): evalua· ting the paternal effects. A controlled experiment, related with the mating system of Scill.ax rizibilis (Bokermann, 1964), was conducted to assess if larval variation could be due to size of male or its ability to manage an amplexus. Adult indi viduals were caught during breeding activity (from February 1993 to January 1994), in a temporary pond in the municipality of Ribeirao Branco. Sao Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The duration of the larval period was not different between tadpoles of large and small males, nor was it different between tadpoles coming from natural or artificial pairs. The reproductive status of the male (if it had managed an amplexus) also did not influence the total length nor the mass of the tadpoles close to metamorphosis. However. tadpoles of larger and heavier males were. on average, approximately 5.5% and II % larger and heavier. respectively, than tadpoles of smaller males. These results indicate that the breeding system of S. rizibilis could potentially have a directional effect on the larval characteristics. KEY WORDS. Scillax rizibilis, mating system, larval characteristicOs processos e as conseqiiencias decorrentes dos sistemas de acasalamento tern proporcionado diversos estudos tanto empfricos como te6ricos (WlLCZYNISKI & RY AN 1992; WAGNER 1998). A manutenyao, pela seleyao natural , de preferencias reprodutivas pelas femeas e raramentequestionada paraespecies nas quais os machos de anuros fornecem recursos ou realizam cuidado parental (veja exemplos em HOWARD 1978;KLUGE 1981). Por outro lado, quando os machos nao fornecem nem recursos nem cuidado parental, a manutenyao de preferencias reprodutivas e mais controversa (WOODWARD 1987;HOWARD et aL. 1994). Todavia, estudos recentes, com especies que apresentam estas caracterfsticas reprodutivas, tern demonstrado que a escolha realizada pela femea e adaptativa (BOURNE 1993;BASTOS & HADDAD 1996).Os anuros sao exce lentes objetos de estudo dos efeitos evolutivos do sistema de acasalamento, pois e possfvel identificar diversas caracterfsticas que afetam a performance de girinos, tais como crescimento larval mais nipido (TRAVIS 1983) e perfodo larval menor (TRAV IS & TREXLER 1986). A comparayao entre as caracterfsticas dos girinos poderia permitir avaliar se as dimensoes do macho (massa ou comprimento rostro-anal) ou a sua capacidade de conseguir amplexo sao relacionadas com a performance larval, de maneira que se possa verificar se ha alguma vantagem para a descendencia.

Reproductive biology ofScinax fuscomarginatus(Anura, Hylidae) in south‐eastern Brazil

“…The lack of differences in body mass and SVL between dominant and satellite, winner and loser males, and the lack of differences in body mass between females and males may be related to the small sample size, and/or to the low precision of the scale used in the field. Males who won the territorial interactions were the resident males, a recurrent situation among hylids, probably because resident males are typically in better physical conditions when compared to the intruders (references in Bastos and Haddad 2001) or satellite males (Robertson 1986;Haddad 1991;Guimarães and Bastos 2003).…”

“…Some detailed studies investigated factors that might be involved in sexual selection, verifying quantitative reproductive aspects and size-fecundity relationships (e.g. Prado et al 2000;Bastos and Haddad 2001).…”

Treefrog Diversity in the Neotropics: Phylogenetic Relationships of Scinaxini (Anura: Hylidae: Hylinae)

“…Other relevant literature . Barrio (1962: vocalization of O. berthae ); Bokermann (1964a: tadpole and vocalization of O. rizibilis ); Bokermann (1967b: tadpole of O. ariadne ); Bokermann and Sazima (1973: tadpole and vocalization of O. machadoi ); Heyer (1980: vocalizations of O. albicans ); Haddad and Pombal (1987: tadpole and vocalization of O. hiemalis ); Andrade and Cardoso (1987: tadpole and vocalization of O. ranki ); Peixoto and Weygoldt (1987: tadpole and vocalization of O. heyeri ); Heyer et al (1990: tadpoles of O. flavoguttata and a species identified as O. obtriangulata ; see text regarding the latter); Andrade and Cardoso (1991: vocalizations of O. longilinea and O. ranki ; tadpole of O. longilinea ); Pombal and Gordo (1991: tadpole of O. littoralis ); Taboga and Dolder (1993, 1994: spermatozoid morphology in O. ranki ); Carvalho-e-Silva and Carvalho-e-Silva (1994: tadpoles of O. albicans and O. trapicheiroi ); Carvalho-e-Silva et al (1995: tadpole of O. kautskyi ); Pombal and Bastos (1996: vocalization of O. centralis ); Carvalho-e-Silva and Carnaval (1997: natural history and tadpole of O. flavoguttata ); de Sá et al (1997: tadpole of O. berthae ); Carvalho-e-Silva and Carvalho-e-Silva (1998: natural history and tadpole of O. humilis ); Bastos and Haddad (1999, 2001, 2002: vocalizations, behavior, and reproductive biology of O. rizibilis ); Gomes et al (2002: antipredator behavior and physiology of O. hiemalis ); Rico et al (2004: reproductive biology of O. trapicheiroi ); Nascimento and Fernandez (2006: reproductive biology of O. albicans ); Van Sluys et al (2006: reproductive biology of O. trapicheiroi ); Alcantara et al (2007: reproductive biology of O. centralis ); Bertoluci et al (2007: tadpole of O. luizotavioi ); Conte et al (2007: tadpole of O. catharinae ); Kolenc et al (2007: tadpole of O. aromothyella ); Lourenço et al (2009: vocalizations of O. luizotavioi ); Pombal et al (2010: vocalizations of O. skaios ); Alcalde et al (2011: tadpoles of O. aromothyella and O. berthae ); Bastos et al (2011: vocalizations of O. centralis ); Pereyra et al (2012: vocalizations of O. aromothyella and O. berthae ); Toledo et al (2012: reproductive biology of O. littoralis ); Lourenço et al (2013: tadpole of O. pombali ); Camurugi et al (2013: tadpole of O. strigilata , see text above for taxonomic problems with this species); Mira-Mendes et al (2013: vocalizations of O. strigilata ); Moura et al (2015: reproductive biology of O. luizotavioi ); Peixoto et al (2016b: cytogenetics of O. tripui...…”