Based on morphological, bioacoustics, and morphological traits, the genus Scinax has been subdivided into two major clades: S. catharinae and S. ruber. The first clade includes S. catharinae and S. perpusillus groups, whereas the second clade includes S. rostratus and S. uruguayus groups. Chromosome morphology, NOR and C-banding patterns of variation support these clades. This study aims the cytogenetic characterization of five species currently included in the S. perpusillus group: Scinax sp. (gr. perpusillus), S. arduous, S. belloni, S. cosenzai, and S. v-signatus, including standard cytogenetic techniques and repetitive DNA FISH probes. All species had 2n = 24 chromosomes. Nucleolar organizing regions occurred in chromosome pair 6 in all species, but differed in their locations among some species, suggesting a putative synaponomastic character for the clade. In S. belloni, the first chromosome pair was a metacentric, contrasting with the submetacentric first pair reported in all other species of the genus. Scinax sp. (gr. perpusillus) and S. v-signatus had similar karyotypic formulae, suggesting they are related species. Scinax cosenzai had a divergent C-banding pattern. Repetitive DNA probes hybridized more frequently in chromosomal subtelomeric regions in all species indicating recent cladogenesis in these species. Karyotypic evidence indicates unreported high levels of stabilization within S. perpusillus and in S. catharinae clade, resulting in a wealth of characters potentially informative for higher phylogenetic analyses.

We describe a new species of the Scinax catharinae group from one of the last remaining fragments of Atlantic Forest in northeastern Minas Gerais. The new species is distinguished from most species of the group mainly by having the mucronate snout in dorsal view, the unique light-yellow coloration on the gular surface in life contrasting with its overall color pattern, and the m. depressor mandibulae with an origin on the dorsal fascia at the level of the m. dorsalis scapulae. These two latter features are novelties in the diagnosis of Scinax species. The new species is currently known only from municipality of Santa Maria do Salto, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This locality is a remaining fragment of Atlantic Forest and has a peculiar geomorphic feature that has been poorly sampled so far.

A new species of Sphaenorhynchus is described from the Municipality of Mariana, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is characterized by the vocal sac moderately developed, single, subgular, with longitudinal folds; white canthal and dorsolateral lines delimited below by a dorsolateral black line from the tip of snout extending beyond the eye to gradually disappearing up to the flanks; and premaxilla and maxilla almost completely edentulous, each bearing 1-5 extremely small teeth. It is most similar with Sphaenorhynchus orophilus, from which it can be distinguished by having a less robust forearm in males; glandular subcloacal dermal fold; premaxilla and maxilla almost completely edentulous; and larvae with large marginal papillae in the oral disc. The new species occurs in natural ponds over ironstone outcrops (known as canga) on flat terrain, where males call from the floating vegetation.

This study presents a list of anurans associated to bromeliads in Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. It also brings information regarding the type of association between these anurans and plants. We recorded eight species belonging to five genera and two families, Cycloramphidae and Hylidae. The most abundant species was Scinax gr. perpusillus, followed by Scinax aff. perereca, Dendropsophus minutus, Bokermannohyla circumdata, Hypsiboas faber, Thoropa miliaris, Hypsiboas polytaenius and Dendropsophus elegans. Most species observed occupying bromeliads uses these microhabitats only as diurnal shelter. Scinax gr. perpusillus was the only classified as bromeligenous, depending upon the plants to complete its reproductive cycle.

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A new species of the bromeligenous Scinax perpusillus group is described from Serra do Brigadeiro, state of Minas Gerais,southeastern Brazil (20º43’13.5´´S; 42º28’48.7´´W). Scinax cosenzai sp. nov. is diagnosed by a combination of traits:moderate-size within the group (17.29–20.97 mm in males and 22.65–24.02 mm in females); head longer than wide; snoutprotruding in lateral view and slightly acuminated in dorsal view; prominent medial process between the nostrils; few tu-bercles scattered throughout the dorsal surface, including the head; ventral skin granulated, more intensively near the clo-acal region; dorsum different tones of gray with dark bands; transversal dark bars along limbs; gular region with irregulardark pigmentation; in life, hidden portion of the thigh and tibia region with some irregular bright yellow colored patches;and a distinct advertisement call with 2–14 notes/call, call duration 177.62–2066.75 ms, 1–33 pulses/note and dominant frequency of 3375.91–4571.21 Hz. Additionally, notes on natural history are provided.

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We provide the first record of Rhinella inopina in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, in municipalities of Bonito de Minas and Januária. It is also the species southernmost record, extending its known geographic distribution in about 170 and 210 km respectively southeastward its closest previously record, in municipality of Sítio d'Abadia, State of Goiás, Central Brazil.