Cardumes da sardinha-verdadeira, Sardinella brasiliensis (Steindachner), em águas costeiras do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Schools ofBrazilian-sardinc, Slmline/lll brasiliensis (Stcindachncr), in coastal waters of Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil). This paper deals wilh the OCCUlTence and schol sizes of the Brazilian-sardine, Sordil/e/lo brosi/iensis (Steindachner, 1879), in coasla l waters of Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil), during the years 1993-1997. The schools are more Ii'equent and heavier in bay and surroundings of Grande Island; another area, with lesser importance, remains between the Cape ofSão Tomé and surroundings of Cabo Frio, under intluence of coas tal upwelling. The heavier schools are fOllnd in April-June (aulumn), soon afier lhe reproduction period. The schoo ls swim in surtàce watcrs with until 80 mcters in depth, but more than 98% of (hem are restricted to waters until 50 meters; about 41 % of schools are found in places 01' 10 -20 metcrs, with elear reduction of lheir rrequencies in higher depths; sc hools with more than 10 (ons tend to swim in surtàce waters with 31 -60 meters in depth. The schools reach the maximum sizc of 9S tons, but around 88% of them do not exceed the 15 tons; the smaller ones, with lIntil S tons, correspond to almost 42% ofthose caught, with rreqllency redllctions as increase their sizes. KEY WORDS. Brazilian sardine. schools, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil A vida em cardumes é uma das formas prevalecentes do comportamento dos peixes. Os cardumes são agrupamentos de indivíduos que permanecem juntos, com movimentos coordenados, como se fossem vcrdadeiros "organismos", deslocandose de forma polarizada, segundo definidas direções. A maioria dos peixes de importância econômica formam cardumes.Os cardumes se constituem com os seguintes propósitos: reduzir a predação, aumentar a eficiência da busca de alimentos, aumenlar o sucesso reprodutivo, aumentar a eficiência do nado e a proteção mútua contra fatores ambientais adversos. Eles decorrem de várias causas, podendo ser classificados como cardumes de desova, de migração, de alimentação e de inverno.Na biologia dos peixes clupeóides os aspectos mais notáveis serão agora indicados: vivem normalmente em grandes cardumes pelágicos, resultantes de variadas causas; mostram grandes nutuações no sucesso da reprodução nos períodos de desova.

Coordinated feeding behavior of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae), in southeastern Brazil: a comparison between populations

“…Thus, it is necessary to perform more coordinated tactics to catch prey in large schools, such as Cupleidae and Engraulidae, during this period (MATSUURA 1978). Despite the fact that S. brasiliensis occurs in both areas, PAIVA & MOTTA (2000) reported that the larger and heavier schools of species near the state of Rio de Janeiro were found in waters of the Ilha Grande Bay, corroborating our hypothesis. However, in the Sepetiba Bay, the duration of feeding bouts and the frequency of feeding tactics were higher during the autumn-winter period, with the wall formation and kettle being more frequently used during this season.…”

Occurrence and habitat use of Bryde's whales (Balaenoptera edeni) in the Cabo Frio region, South-eastern Brazil

“…In the present study, Bryde's whales showed low occurrence in the area during the winter season, which may be explained by the low occurrence of Brazilian sardines ( Sardinella brasiliensis ) in the same area during this season (Paiva & Motta, 2000). Bryde's whales are also known locally as ‘ baleia-sardinheira ’ (sardine whale), due to frequent observations of this species feeding on Brazilian sardines, and the Cabo Frio region is one of the areas that displays the highest abundance of these fish (Paiva & Motta, 2000). The distribution and movements of this whale species are thought to be influenced by its prey dynamics (Zerbini et al ., 1997; Wiseman et al ., 2011; Dywer et al ., 2016).…”

Artisanal fisheries production in the coastal zone of Itaipu, Niterói , RJ, Brazil

“…In spite of their low economic value, they represent a resource of interest, for instance, when the Brazilian sardine occurs in great volumes. The production peak in the fall, matches the highest frequency of sardine schools in coastal waters of Rio de Janeiro State, after reproduction (Paiva & Motta, 2000).…”