Histological and ultrastructural analyses of selected segments of the digestive tract of the fish Ancistrus multispinnis were done, particular attention being paid to the cytological barrier between blood and air. Three regions can be distinguished in the stomach of A. multispinnis: cardia, corpus, and pylorus. The histological organization of the cardia and pylorus is similar to that in other fish species, but the organization of the corpus is distinct. The cell bodies of the epithelial cells of the corpus are located in the capillary mesh, while their flattened extensions cover the adjacent capillaries. This specialization reduces the thickness of the blood-air interface, which may influence the diffusion of gases in the stomach. Some epithelial cells in the stomach corpus contain numerous lamellar bodies. It is suggested that these produce a substance similar in function to the lung surfactant of Dipnoi, certain Amphibia, and Mammalia.