Otimização econômica, sob condições de risco, para agricultores familiares das regiões Norte e Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Abstract

ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho foi obter, através do uso da programação linear, sistemas de produção agrícola capazes de otimizar os recursos de agricultores familiares das regiões Norte e Noroeste Fluminense. Foram estudados agricultores pertencentes aos grupos A, C e D do PRONAF, dos quais foram obtidas as informações sobre dotação dos recursos e sobre custos e margens brutas. Quando desconsiderados os riscos de preço, o cultivo da goiaba destacou-se como a melhor opção para otimização dos recursos e geração de renda. Quando considerados os riscos de redução nos preços, através do modelo MOTAD, concluiu-se que sistemas de produção envolvendo o cultivo simultâneo de maracujá e goiaba, principalmente, propiciariam redução dos riscos, sem grave comprometimento da renda gerada. Constatou-se, ainda, que os recursos do PRONAF contribuíram para elevar o uso da terra, aumentar o retorno das atividades e para a contratação de trabalhadores adicionais.Palavras-chave: agricultura familiar; programação linear; PRONAF. AbstractThe objective of this work was to find systems of agricultural production that optimize the resources of familiar farmers of the North and northwest regions of the Rio de Janeiro, using the linear programming method. Farmers of the PRONAF groups (A, C and D) were interviewed, what allowed obtaining the information about resources endowment, production costs and gross margins. When the price risks were not included in the model, the guava was the best choice for the optimization of resources and income generation. When considered the price risks, through the MOTAD model, it was concluded that production systems involving the simultaneous culture of passion fruit and guava, mainly, can reduce the risks, without causing a great loss of the income. It was evidenced, besides, that the PRONAF resources contributed to raise the use of the land, to increase the return of the activities and for the rural employment.

Analise da viabilidade econômica de policultivo orgânico

“…In this way, expenditure on food can be minimized and spare labor time can be utilized in the production of added-value goods, thereby guaranteeing greater economic stability. Moreover, a monoculture system is high risk since it is largely dependent on market price and demand (GRISA, 2007;PETINARI et al, 2008;SOUZA et al, 2008;SILVA et al, 2013), while a polyculture system can reduce the vulnerability of the producer by expanding market possibilities whereby one crop can compensate for the others. Moreover, the organic polyculture system proposed in the present study is not only feasible for small-scale family farming but could also be adopted by medium sized farms that rely on hired labor (fixed or temporary workers) known in Brazil as agricultura patronal.…”

“…Furthermore, diversification of crop species within an area widens the market base, thereby reducing the vulnerability of the farmer to the cyclic effects that are common with monocultures (GRISA, 2007;PETINARI et al, 2008;SOUZA et al, 2008;SILVA et al, 2013;SIMONETTI et al, 2013). Polycultures are particularly advantageous when associated with the use of cover crops that may: (i) contribute to the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen and the accumulation of N, P and K, with consequent improvement in dry biomass production and nutrient recycling (GIACOMINI et al, 2003(GIACOMINI et al, , 2004BEZERRA et al, 2004); (ii) promote better particle aggregation with improved attenuation of fluctuations in soil temperature and humidity (PERIN et al, 2004); and (iii) reduce production costs by minimizing or even eliminating the use of herbicides (SILVA et al, 2009).…”

A Dinâmica dos Agroecossistemas Familiares na Avaliação da Sustentabilidade ao Longo do Tempo

“…Porém, alguns autores como Gomes (2004), Verona (2008), Sousa et al (2008) e Silva (2015), apontam vários problemas que ainda devem ser enfrentados, para que a agricultura familiar possa atingir um nível onde a sustentabilidade seja visualizada em todos as suas dimensões dentro de sua forma de produção, pois esta tornou-se um elemento fundamental para efetivação da modernização agrícola.…”

Optimization of Vessel Operation Times Using Anchorage Areas: A Case Study of a Brazilian Port Terminal

“…Linear programming models are used to obtain the optimum value of a given objective function, complying with the specific equations or inequalities representing the model's constraints. What distinguishes this model is that the mathematical functions are expressed in a linear form with regard to both the objective function and the constraints (Souza et al, 2008).…”