A oncopsiquiatria no câncer de mama: considerações a respeito de questões do feminino

Abstract

ResumoOs autores revisaram amplamente a literatura em relação aos fatores psiquiátricos envolvendo o câncer de mama. Dentro da linha de raciocínio mestra dos tratamentos cirúrgico e oncológico dessas pacientes, ressalta-se seu impacto sobre a saúde mental. Aspectos como possibilidades cirúrgicas, imagem corporal e impacto sobre auto-estima e sexualidade, tratamentos sistêmicos e conseqüências físicas, tais como fadiga, náuseas e vômitos, foram discutidos. As diferenças entre os grupos etários submetidos ao tratamento também foram relevadas, separando-se suas questões. Tópicos sobre a qualidade de vida sempre foram ressaltados. Questões sobre intervenções farmacológicas e psicoterapêuticas foram igualmente levantadas, incluindo medicina alternativa.Palavras-chave: Câncer de mama, psiquiatria, qualidade de vida, tratamento, revisão. AbstractThe authors performed a broad literature review about psychiatric factors in breast cancer. Inside the master reasoning of the surgical and oncological treatments, an emphasis was made on heir impact over the mental health. Aspects like surgical possibilities and body image and its impact over the self-estime and sexuality and systemic treatments and their physical consequences, like fatigue, nausea and vomiting were discussed. The differences between the aged groups treated also were considered, separating their issues. Topics about Quality of Life was always considered. Questions about pharmacological and psychotherapeutical approach were considered too, including alternative medicine.

Prevalence of Major Depression in Patients With Breast Cancer

“…6,12,15,16 The variables studied in this article were selected from what the literature refers to as factors related to breast cancer and major depression. The results found support for the initial hypothesis, which admitted that the prevalence of major depression among women with breast cancer is similar to point prevalence found in community samples.…”

“…16 Contextual variables, rather than risk factors directly related to cancer, appear to be predictive factors for the onset of depression in breast cancer patients 12,[15][16][17] , among which stand out the structure of personality and problem-coping ability. 6 The majority of our sample consisted of women older than 49 years old, white, married, of low education, low income, no family history of breast cancer and / or depression. With respect to breast cancer, most of them were within 36 months of diagnosis, had advanced staging, had surgery associated with other treatment modalities (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and / or hormone therapy), underwent total removal of the breast (mastectomy) and also had alopecia due to chemotherapy.…”

“…Risk factors for depression appear to be more related to the patient rather than to the cancer itself or its treatment. 6,12,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The hypothesis tested in this study is the prevalence of major depression in patients with breast cancer is similar to the community samples of around 5%. 7,[22][23][24] .…”

“…3 Cancer places specific demands on individuals, with substantial stressors both at diagnosis and during treatment. 4 Mammary neoplasms make demands on women's physical and psychological aspects, 5 and within the analysis of the patients' surgical and adjuvant treatment the impact on their mental health should be emphasized 6 .…”

Eficácia da técnica de relaxamento com imagem guiada em pacientes oncológicos submetidos a tratamento quimioterápico

“…Estudos apontam possíveis relações entre quadros psiquiátricos e desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas como o câncer, mas ainda de forma especulativa. A cronificação de determinados quadros deterioraria a função imune e a vigilância do sistema imunológico em relação às células cancerosas [13]. Neste estudo não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos quanto ao fato de terem apresentado doença mental anterior ao diagnóstico de câncer.…”