Alternative banking: theory and evidence from Europe

Abstract

Since financial liberalization in the 1980s, non-profit maximizing, stakeholderoriented banks have outperformed private banks in Europe. This article draws on empirical research, banking theory and theories of the firm to explain this apparent anomaly for neo-liberal policy and contemporary market-based banking theory. The realization of competitive advantages by alternative banks (savings banks, cooperative banks and development banks) has significant implications for conceptions of bank change, regulation and political economy.

Bank Types, Inclusivity, and Paycheck Protection Program Lending During COVID-19

“…In contrast to market-based bank giants stand large and-medium-sized commercial banks (LMCBs) that do a traditional banking business-and, more importantly, thousands of smaller-scale, locally operating "alternative banks" such as community banks, credit unions, 1 credit associations of the farm credit system 2 (FCS), and CDFIs 3 (Mettenheim, 2014;Pinsky, 2001). Alternative banks are typically locally owned as closely held (often family based) firms, cooperatives, or nonprofits that specialize in the "boring banking" strategies of making and holding loans (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation [FDIC], 2012;GAO, 2012, p. 4), or that operate as nonprofit and for-profit loan funds with economic or community development missions.…”

Bankowość komercyjna i spółdzielcza w Polsce – refleksje po trzech dekadach transformacji. Szkice ku pamięci doktora Ryszarda Mikołajczaka

“…Literatura naukowa nie wskazuje jednoznacznej terminologii tego rodzaju bankowości. Kwerenda piśmienniczości pozwala odnaleźć takie określenia, jak "bankowość etyczna" (Paulet, 2011) "alternatywna bankowość" (Mettenheim i Butzbach, 2012), "bankowość zrównoważona" (Bouma, Jeucken i Klinkers, 2017) czy "kooperatywna bankowość" (San Jose, Retolaza, J. L. i Lamarque, E. (2018i inni). Często terminy te są wykorzystywane w celu omówienia tych samych banków.…”