Mercosul: o dilema entre união aduaneira e área de livre-comércio

Abstract

Mercosur: the dilemma between the customs union and a free trade area. In 2001, the government of Argentina -facing a major economic crisis -took a rather controversial decision and reduced the tariff rates of all capital goods to zero. This became a main source of conflict with Brazil, the only country of Mercosur that produces such goods. This paper discusses two possible scenarios for the resolution of this issue. In the first one, the countries would opt for the maintenance of the customs union. The authors present some suggestions for the rebuilding of the Common External Tariff (CET), by which the countries would take a middle course acceptable to all. The other possible outcome would be a step back in the direction of a free trade area, with no CET at all.

Exports from the Brazilian automotive sector to the southern common market: Trade diversion or cost reduction?

“…Thus, since the decade of 2000, the cet was set at 35% of vehicles generally, and at 14% for agricultural machinery and vehicle parts. Kume and Piani (2005) confirmed the high level of protectionism practised in the bloc's automotive sector, by calculating the nominal and effective protection of the mercosur cet in all sectors of activity in 2006 (see table 1). Products of the automotive sector (automobiles, trucks and buses) enjoyed the highest degree of protection, in both nominal and effective terms.…”

“…Nonetheless, the degree of protection increased for many products compared to the previous situation, particularly in the automotive sector. Several studies (for example Kume and Piani, 2005) reveal the high level of protectionism of the automotive sector, measured both on the basis of nominal import tariffs, and in terms of effective tariffs. In reality, this sector is one of the most protected in mercosur through the cet.…”

Exportaciones del sector automotor brasileño al Mercado Común del Sur: ¿Desviación de comercio o reducción de costos?

“…Así, a partir de la década de 2000, el aec se fijó en un 35% para los vehículos en general y en un 14% para las máquinas agrícolas y las piezas. Kume y Piani (2005) confirmaron el fuerte proteccionismo practicado en el sector automotor del bloque, al calcular la protección nominal y efectiva del aec del mercosur en todos los sectores de actividades en 2006 (véase el cuadro 1). Los productos del sector automotor (automóviles, camiones y omnibuses) presentaban el mayor grado de protección, tanto en términos nominales como efectivos.…”

“…Sin embargo, hubo un incremento del grado de proteccionismo de muchos productos con respecto a la situación anterior, en particular en el sector automotor. En varios estudios (por ejemplo, Kume y Piani, 2005) se evidencia el alto grado de proteccionismo del sector automotor, medido tanto a partir de los aranceles nominales de importación como de los aranceles efectivos. En realidad, a través del aec, este sector se configura como el más protegido del mercosur.…”

Tec No Âmbito Do Mercosul: Teoria E Prática

“…De um lado, o Mercosul obteve progressos importantes como o estabelecimento de uma TEC para a maioria dos produtos. Entretanto, apesar da intenção de adotar medidas típicas da 2 a onda de regionalismo, o bloco tem permitido uma variada gama de exceções às regras inicialmente acordadas, conforme constata a literatura que trata do processo de formação do Mercosul (por exemplo, LAIRD, 1997;PREUSSE, 2001;AZEVEDO, 2004;KUME;PIANI, 2005). Além disso, a longa história de insucessos na formação de blocos regionais na América do Sul, que remontam aos anos de 1960, e alguns acontecimentos recentes têm criado dúvidas quanto à capacidade dos países membros do bloco de alcançar seus objetivos ambiciosos.…”