Efeito do tratamento químico sobre a conservação de sementes de milho durante o armazenamento

Abstract

RESUMO -O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar o efeito de combinações de inseticidas e de fungicidas sobre a conservação de sementes de milho durante o armazenamento. Os tratamentos aplicados e respectivas doses, para 1000kg de sementes, foram os seguintes: 1) testemunha; 2) anilina (936mL); 3) anilina (936mL) + Thiabendazole (120g) + Dicarboximida (187,5g) + Pirimifos-methyl (6,25mL) + Deltamethrin (0,75mL); 4) anilina (936mL) + Thiabendazole (240g) + Dicarboximida (375,0g) + Pirimifos-methyl (12,50mL) + Deltamethrin (1,50mL); 5) anilina (936mL) + Thiabendazole (480g) + Dicarboximida (750,0g)+ Pirimifos-methyl (25,00mL) + Deltamethrin (3,00mL); 6) anilina (936mL) + Thiabendazole (960g) + Dicarboximida (1500,0g) + Pirimifosmethyl (50,00mL) + Deltamethrin (6,00mL). As sementes foram analisadas quanto ao teor de água, germinação e vigor (testes de envelhecimento acelerado e de frio com solo) aos 0, 6, 9 e 12 meses de armazenamento. Os dados obtidos permitiram concluir que os tratamentos químicos aplicados tendem, com o aumento das dosagens, a gerar efeitos latentes, desfavoráveis ao desempenho das sementes, intensificados com o prolongamento do período de armazenamento.Termos para indexação: Zea mays, qualidade fisiológica. EFFECT OF CHEMICAL TREATMENT ON CORN SEEDS CONSERVATION DURING STORAGEABSTRACT -The purpose of this research was to study the effect of varying dosages of insecticide and fungicide on the conservation of stored seeds. The products and dosages for each 1000Kg of seeds were: 1) control; 2) aniline (936mL); 3) aniline (936mL) + Thiabendazole (120g) + Dicarboximida (187.5g) + Pirimifos-methyl (6.25mL) + Deltamethrin (0.75mL); 4) aniline (936mL) + Thiabendazole (240g) + Dicarboximida (375.0g) + Pirimifos-methyl (12.50mL) + Deltamethrin (1.50mL); 5) aniline (936mL) + Thiabendazole (480g) + Dicarboximida (750.0g)+ Pirimifosmethyl (25,00mL) + Deltamethrin (3.00mL); 6) aniline (936mL) + Thiabendazole (960g) + Dicarboximida (1500,0g) + Pirimifos-methyl (50.00mL) + Deltamethrin (6.00mL). The seeds were analyzed for moisture content, germination and vigor (accelerated aging and cold tests) at 0, 6, 9 and 12 months of storage. From the information obtained we can conclude that the chemical treatment applied tended, with the increase of dosages, to produce latent effects unfavorable to the seed performance, that were intensified with the prolongation of the storage period..Index terms: Zea mays, physiological quality. INTRODUÇÃOA preservação da qualidade das sementes de cereais é influenciada pela presença de insetos que, paulatinamente, têm se adaptado para desenvolver populações em ambientes de armazenamento. Além de atuarem como consumidores, os insetos afetam negativamente o valor intrínseco das sementes, principalmente, ao propiciar a ação de microrganismos indesejáveis.

Physiological performance of wheat seeds treated with micronutrients and protection products during storage

“…Regardless of storage and micronutrient application, the treatment polymer and untreated seeds showed a better performance (13% higher) compared to seeds treated with fungicide + insecticide and polymer + fungicide + insecticide ( Figure 5) which contrast with Rufino et al (2013) when they found that germination of wheat seeds treated with fungicide (Fludioxinil + Metalaxyl-M) after exposure to accelerated aging for 72 hours at 41 °C was higher when compared to the treatments polymer, polymer + zinc and seeds without treatments. However, Fessel et al (2003) observed reductions in vigor of corn seeds, evaluated by accelerated aging for 72 hours at 42 ºC and using increasing dosages of fungicide and insecticide, mainly after twelve months of storage.…”

“…During the storage period, seed quality may be affected mainly by seed moisture content besides environmental conditions, especially temperature and relative humidity, as well the presence of insects and microorganisms that consume seed reserves and reduce their physiological potential (Fessel et al, 2003).…”

Addition of biostimulant to the industrial treatment of soybean seeds: physiological quality and yield after storage

“…In this scenario, Krzyzanowski and França-Neto (2001) point out that the innumerable physical, physiological, and biochemical changes resulting from seed aging can be potentiated or reduced by the combination of temperature, relative air humidity, and seed water content. In the case of soybean seeds, a critical factor is that, in general, after processing, the lots are stored in environments without specific atmospheric controls, exposing the seeds to adverse conditions characterized by daily fluctuations in relative humidity and temperature, which accelerate seed aging and favor its deterioration by fungi and pests (Fessel et al, 2003).…”

“…Because of the small required volume, biostimulants are potentially compatible with the industrial seed treatment, an industrial scale process that provides adequate dose precision, uniformity of seed coating, and increases the adhesion of the applied products (Menten and Moraes, 2010). In the most recent survey, it is estimated that 95% of the soybean seeds sown in the country's producing regions were treated with fungicides and/or insecticides so that approximately 66% of the total commercialized corresponded to the industrial treatment (França-Neto et al, 2015).…”

Desempenho Agronômico Da Cultura Do Milho a Partir Do Uso De Sementes Quimicamente Tratadas Com Fungicidas E Inseticidas E Submetidas a Diferentes Condições De Armazenamento

“…Para Castro et al (2009), por exemplo, a ação de algumas moléculas pode modificar o metabolismo das plantas e influenciar no seu desenvolvimento. Já outros pesquisadores mostraram que certos químicos, por algum efeito fitotóxico, poderiam interferir na qualidade das sementes, causando redução de germinação e sobrevivência das plântulas (Cruz, 1996;Fessel et al, 2003).…”