Effects of high-intensity intermittent training on carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats

Carnevali, Luiz Carlos; Eder, Robson; Lira, Fábio Santos; Lima, Waldecir Paula; Gonçalves, D.C.; Zanchi, Nelo Eidy; Nicastro, Humberto; Lavoie, Joël; Seelaender, Marília

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500105

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…For example, it has been reported that raising plasma nonesterified FA levels increased muscle mFAO capacity through PPAR-b activation, which induced the expression of mFAO and tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme genes, including CPT1B (41). Adaptation to exercise training led to an increase in muscle CPT1B expression that is mediated by PPAR/PGC-1 (42)(43)(44)(45). However, at the onset of exercise, the rapid increase in long-chain FA uptake and oxidation in skeletal muscle likely occurs independently of gene regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing mitochondrial muscle fatty acid oxidation induces skeletal muscle remodeling toward an oxidative phenotype

et al. 2015

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Adult skeletal muscle is a dynamic, remarkably plastic tissue, which allows myofibers to switch from fast/glycolytic to slow/oxidative types and to increase mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (mFAO) capacity and vascularization in response to exercise training. mFAO is the main muscle energy source during endurance exercise, with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) being the key regulatory enzyme. Whether increasing muscle mFAO affects skeletal muscle physiology in adulthood actually remains unknown. To investigate this, we used in vivo electrotransfer technology to express in mouse tibialis anterior (TA), a fast/glycolytic muscle, a mutated CPT1 form (CPT1mt) that is active but insensitive to malonyl-CoA, its physiologic inhibitor. In young (2-mo-old) adult mice, muscle CPT1mt expression enhanced mFAO (+40%), but also increased the percentage of oxidative fibers (+28%), glycogen content, and capillary-to-fiber density (+45%). This CPT1mt-induced muscle remodeling, which mimicked exercise-induced oxidative phenotype, led to a greater resistance to muscle fatigue. In the context of aging, characterized by sarcopenia and reduced oxidative capacity, CPT1mt expression in TAs from aged (20-mo-old) mice partially reversed aging-associated sarcopenia and fiber-type transition, and increased muscle capillarity. These findings provide evidence that mFAO regulates muscle phenotype and may be a potential target to combat age-related decline in muscle function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing mitochondrial muscle fatty acid oxidation induces skeletal muscle remodeling toward an oxidative phenotype

et al. 2015

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“…3 Recently, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been proposed as a time-efficient physical exercise regimen that could generate comparable benefits to moderate-intensity continuous physical exercise (MICE). 4,5 HIIE has also been found to increase enjoyment 6 and improve patient adherence to physical activity. 5 Studies evaluating HIIE and MICE have revealed some advantages of the HIIE over MICE, including the improvement of VO 2max 7 the increase of the maximal activities of mitochondrial enzymes, 8 the reduction of lactate accumulation during exercise, 9 and the improvement of metabolic adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Studies evaluating HIIE and MICE have revealed some advantages of the HIIE over MICE, including the improvement of VO 2max 7 the increase of the maximal activities of mitochondrial enzymes, 8 the reduction of lactate accumulation during exercise, 9 and the improvement of metabolic adaptation. 4 Compared to moderate-intensity interval exercise (MIIE), HIIE is better in improving insulin sensitivity of obese adolescent girls, 10 and decreasing body mass, body fat, and waist circumference of healthy obese female adolescents. 11 Despite these many advantages of the HIIE, there were evidences that HIIE increased oxidative stress biomarkers and reduced antioxidant capacity, 12 induced brain mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased BDNF levels in the frontal cortex of mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate-intensity interval exercise but not high-intensity interval exercise improves the spatial memory of ovariectomized rats

et al. 2018

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Physical exercise exerts beneficial effects on the spatial learning and memory. Highintensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been proposed as a time-efficient physical exercise regimen. On the other hand, there were evidences that HIIE increased oxidative stress biomarkers and reduced antioxidant capacity, which resulted in oxidative damage. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval exercise and moderate-intensity interval exercise on oxidative stress biomarkers and oxidative enzymes activity in the hippocampus and the spatial memory of ovariectomized rats. A total of 16 female Sprague Dawley rats aged 12 weeks were randomly assigned into 4 groups, i.e. the sham-operated (SO), ovariectomized without exercise (O), ovariectomized with highintensity interval exercise (HIIE), and ovariectomized with moderate-intensity interval exercise (MIIE) groups. Rats of the exercise groups (HIIE & MIIE groups) performed 6 sessions of interval exercise per week for 6 weeks. The spatial memory of rats was measured using the Morris water maze procedure. The malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activity of catalase (Cat) as well as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in hippocampus were determined using spectrophotometry method. The spatial learning and memory retention of the moderate-intensity interval exercise group was significantly better than that of the high-intensity interval exercise group. The GPx activity of MIIE group was higher than any other groups. The SO group had the lowest hippocampal MDA level and highest Cat activity among groups. Moderate-intensity interval exercise reduces the ovariectomy induced-oxidative stress in the hippocampus and improves spatial learning and memory retention of ovariectomized rats.

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“…Therefore, aerobic exercise may reverse the effects induced by a poor diet. The majority of present studies focus on aerobic high-intensity intermittent exercise, which can reduce oxidative stress, arterial stiffness and body weight (15)(16)(17)(18). While high-intensity intermittent exercises are not suitable for all subjects, studies on moderate-intensity intermittent exercise are performed rarely.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent exercise improves the vasoreactivity of the thoracic aorta in rats

Luo

et al. 2016

Biomedical Reports

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Abstract. Vasoreactivity is the most basic and direct indicator to reflect the artery vascular functional state in the body. The majority of previous studies have shown that a high-fat diet (HD) is often associated with a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, the type of exercise that improves vasoreactivity, as is induced by a HD, remains to be elucidated. In the present study, the effects of aerobic moderate-intensity intermittent exercise through swimming were investigated on thoracic aorta vascular ring contraction and free radical metabolism using Sprague-Dawley rat models of common diet (CD; 23 g protein, 49 g carbohydrate, 4 g fat, 5 g fiber, 7 g bone meal and 6 g vitamins per 100 g), HD (peanuts, milk chocolate and sweet biscuits, in a weight ratio of 3:2:2:1), CD with intermittent exercise (CIE) and HD with intermittent exercise (HIE). The food utilization rate in the swimming group (CIE) decreased in comparison with the CD group. Lee's index in the CIE group decreased in comparison to that of CD after 8 weeks (P<0.05) and also HIE decreased compared to HD (P<0.05) after 8 weeks. Compared with the HD group, contractile response of the thoracic aortic rings to NA decreased in the HIE group, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol content increased, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased (P<0.05); the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration reduced in the myocardium, but the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level improved (P<0.05). In the HIE group, nitric oxide level was similar to the CD group. Compared with CD, contractile response of the thoracic aortic rings to NA increased in the CIE (P<0.05), the MDA concentration reduced in the myocardium, but the SOD level improved (P<0.05). Tunica media smooth muscle of the thoracic aortic rings in the CIE group arranged more regularly in comparison with the CD group (without swimming training). In conclusion, intermittent exercise improves the thoracic aorta vasoreactivity and function by enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity and reduced free radical generating. IntroductionAs living standards improve, high-fat diet-induced obesity has become a common phenomenon (1). Obesity is often associated with a variety of diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (2-10). Vasoreactivity is the most basic and direct indicator of reflecting artery vascular function state, which has become an important indicator of cardiovascular disease (11). Studies have found that a high-fat diet (HD) and lack of exercise training are the most important factors in the development of obesity. Therefore, exercise training can control obesity and cardiovascular disease, and it has become a research focus. However, the exercise intensity, duration and different diets will produce different effects on metabolic activity (12). Long-term aerobic exercise could markedly improve the abnormal hemorheological property and the oxidative stress in rats with hypercholesterolemia (13). Inadequate nutri...

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Effects of high-intensity intermittent training on carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

Increasing mitochondrial muscle fatty acid oxidation induces skeletal muscle remodeling toward an oxidative phenotype

Increasing mitochondrial muscle fatty acid oxidation induces skeletal muscle remodeling toward an oxidative phenotype

Moderate-intensity interval exercise but not high-intensity interval exercise improves the spatial memory of ovariectomized rats

Intermittent exercise improves the vasoreactivity of the thoracic aorta in rats

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