Participation of the GABAergic system in the anesthetic effect of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown essential oil

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify the possible involvement of the GABAergic system in the anesthetic effect of Lippia alba essential oil (EO). We propose a new animal model using silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) exposed to an anesthetic bath to study the mechanism of action of EO. To observe the induction and potentiation of the anesthetic effect of EO, juvenile silver catfish (9.30 ± 1.85 g; 10.15 ± 0.95 cm; N = 6) were exposed to various concentrations of L. alba EO in the presence or absence of diazepam [an agonist of high-affinity binding sites for benzodiazepinic (BDZ) sites coupled to the GABAA receptor complex]. In another experiment, fish (N = 6) were initially anesthetized with the EO and then transferred to an anesthetic-free aquarium containing flumazenil (a selective antagonist of binding sites for BDZ coupled to the GABAA receptor complex) or water to assess recovery time from the anesthesia. In this case, flumazenil was used to observe the involvement of the GABA-BDZ receptor in the EO mechanism of action. The results showed that diazepam potentiates the anesthetic effect of EO at all concentrations tested. Fish exposed to diazepam and EO showed faster recovery from anesthesia when flumazenil was added to the recovery bath (12.0 ± 0.3 and 7.2 ± 0.7, respectively) than those exposed to water (9.2 ± 0.2 and 3.5 ± 0.3, respectively). In conclusion, the results demonstrated the involvement of the GABAergic system in the anesthetic effect of L. alba EO on silver catfish.

Sedative effect of 2-phenoxyethanol and essential oil of Lippia alba on stress response in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

“…The EOLA composition found in the present study is similar to that used in previous reports (Cunha et al, 2010;Heldwein et al, 2012;Toni et al, 2014), indicating that the anesthetic efficacy of this EO stems from its chemical composition, regardless of the species test.…”

The essential oil from Lippia alba induces biochemical stress in the silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) after transportation

“…However, in the present study, the EO from Lippia alba had Table 1 no effect on the activities of the enzymes NTPDase and 5'-nucleotidase, which constitute an enzymatic complex able to regulate the extracellular concentrations of adenine nucleotides and nucleosides (Stefan et al, 2005;Colgan et al, 2006;Schmatz et al, 2009;Gutierres et al 2012Gutierres et al , 2014. Studies by Heldwein et al (2012) suggest the involvement of the gamma-aminobutyric acid -A (GABA A ) benzodiazepine receptor in the anesthetic effect of the EO from L. alba. Silver catfish transported in water containing the EO from L. alba were less agitated (Becker et al, 2012).…”

“…N.E. Brown (Verbenaceae) is a novel anesthetic whose action has been established for the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen (Cunha et al, 2010;Heldwein et al, 2012), and the slender seahorse Hippocampus reidi (Cunha et al, 2011).When this oil was added to the transport water, the redox state (Azambuja et al, 2011) and ionoregulation (Becker et al, 2012) were improved, and lipid oxidation was delayed in the fillets of silver catfish (Veeck et al, 2013). However, an increased ventilation rate was observed during the 30 min of transport (Becker et al, 2012).…”

Essential oil of Lippia alba in the transport of Nile tilapia

“…The activity of the main component is influenced by other minor molecules (TEIXEIRA et al, 2016), suggesting that although there were differences between components, EOLA used in this study was as effective as EOLA used by BECKER et al (2012) and HELDWEIN et al (2012).…”

“…The EOLA used in this study was the same used by HOHLENWERGER et al (2016), where linalool was the major component as in previous studies (BECKER et al, 2012;HELDWEIN et al, 2012); although, there were discrepancies between the compounds that presented minor proportions. The activity of the main component is influenced by other minor molecules (TEIXEIRA et al, 2016), suggesting that although there were differences between components, EOLA used in this study was as effective as EOLA used by BECKER et al (2012) and HELDWEIN et al (2012).…”