Examining life-course influences on chronic disease: the importance of birth cohort studies from low- and middle- income countries. An overview

Batty, G. David; Alves, João Guilherme Bezerra; Correia, Juliana Mendes; Lawlor, Debbie A.

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2007000900015

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…17, 19 This makes the investigation of the patterns and mechanisms of overweight and obesity in LMICs crucial. 40, 41 Longitudinal data from LMICs can reveal important differences in the role of SES as period effects are captured within single cohorts. Finally, reducing health inequalities, gender or otherwise, is an important intervention in reducing poverty as set out in the Millennium Development Goals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood socioeconomic position, adult socioeconomic position and social mobility in relation to markers of adiposity in early adulthood: evidence of differential effects by gender in the 1978/79 Ribeirao Preto cohort study

et al. 2012

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Background:Longitudinal studies drawn from high-income countries demonstrate long-term associations of early childhood socioeconomic deprivation with increased adiposity in adulthood. However, there are very few data from resource-poor countries where there are reasons to anticipate different gradients. Accordingly, we sought to characterise the nature of the socioeconomic status (SES)-adiposity association in Brazil.Methods:We use data from the Ribeirao Preto Cohort Study in Brazil in which 9067 newborns were recruited via their mothers in 1978/79 and one-in-three followed up in 2002/04 (23–25years). SES, based on family income (salaries, interest on savings, pensions and so on), was assessed at birth and early adulthood, and three different adiposity measures (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) ascertained at follow-up. The association between childhood SES, adult SES and social mobility (defined as four permutations of SES in childhood and adulthood: low–low, low–high, high–low, high–high), and the adiposity measures was examined using linear regression.Results:There was evidence that the association between SES and the three markers of adiposity was modified by gender in both adulthood (P<0.02 for all outcomes) and childhood SES (P<0.02 for WC and WHR). Thus, in an unadjusted model, linear regression analyses showed that higher childhood SES was associated with lower adiposity in women (coefficient (95% confidence intervals) BMI: −1.49 (−2.29,−0.69); WC: −3.85 (−5.73,−1.97); WHR: −0.03 (−0.04,−0.02)). However, in men, higher childhood SES was related to higher adiposity (BMI: 1.03 (0.28,−1.78); WC: 3.15 (1.20, 5.09); WHR: 0.009 (−0.001, 0.019)) although statistical significance was not seen in all analyses. There was a suggestion that adult SES (but not adult health behaviours or birthweight) accounted for these relationships in women only. Upward mobility was associated with protection against greater adiposity in women but not men.Conclusion:In the present study, in men there was some evidence that both higher childhood and adulthood SES was related to a higher adiposity risk, while the reverse gradient was apparent in women.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood socioeconomic position, adult socioeconomic position and social mobility in relation to markers of adiposity in early adulthood: evidence of differential effects by gender in the 1978/79 Ribeirao Preto cohort study

et al. 2012

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“…Such studies are important because PA patterns and confounders are distinct between rich and poor countries [14]. The possibility of making inferences using three different PA measurements is another strength of the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity throughout adolescence and bone mineral density in early adulthood: the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study

et al. 2014

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SummaryAssociation between three physical activity (PA) measurements throughout adolescence and bone density at 18 years of age was investigated. PA was associated with both lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) in early adulthood independent of type of PA used in the analysis. The results were more consistent in boys.IntroductionThis study amis to evaluate if PA during adolescence could influence BMD later in life.MethodsA population-based birth cohort study was carried out. PA was assessed at 11 and 15 years of age by questionnaire and included sports performed while BMD (lumbar spine and femoral neck) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at 18 years. A peak strain score was generated based on ground reaction forces of different PA. PA was measured as peak strain score, peak strain score multiplied by minutes/week and minutes/week. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses were performed using linear regression.ResultsOverall, 3,811 adolescents were studied (1,866 boys and 1,945 girls). The peak strain score at 11 and 15 years was associated with lumbar and femoral neck BMD at 18 years in boys. Among girls, high-impact PA at 11 years was positively associated with lumbar and femoral BMD (p = 0.01; p < 0.001). After adjusted analysis, weekly minutes of PA at 11 years were not associated with lumbar spine but were associated with femoral neck BMD (p < 0.001); at 15 years, weekly minutes of PA were positively associated with BMD at both sites. Regardless of PA status at 11 years of age, attaining the recommendations of PA (300 min/week) at 15 years appears to be important for BMD at 18 years in both sites in boys and girls. The results Appeared to be more consistent in boys.ConclusionsPA during adolescence was positively associated with both lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in early adulthood independent of type of PA used in the analysis.

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“…Os objetivos da pesquisa inicial foram analisar o comportamento de alguns indicadores de saúde perinatal e suas associações com as variáveis sociais e biológicas das mães e dos recém-nascidos, avaliar a utilização dos serviços de saúde para assistência pré-natal, ao parto e ao recém-nascido, e relacionar esses dados à mortalidade durante o primeiro ano de vida 17 Fonte: Barbieri et al 16 .…”

Section: Casuística E Métodosunclassified

Atopy risk factors at birth and in adulthood

Ferraz¹,

Garcia²,

Bettiol³

et al. 2011

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objective: To study the association between atopy and variables such as weight, length, and socioeconomic level at birth and in young adulthood.Methods: A total of 2,063 subjects were investigated in a prospective birth cohort study of individuals born in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, in 1978Brazil, in /1979, and examined at the age of 23-25 years. Skin prick tests (SPT) for eight common allergens in Brazil were performed. Subjects with a wheal reaction ≥ 3 mm to one or more of the eight allergens tested were considered to be atopic. We used the log-binomial model (generalized linear model) in order to assess the association between atopy and birth or adult variables. Results:The prevalence of positive SPT was 47.6%. Male gender was associated with an increased risk of atopy (relative risk [RR] = 1.18; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.07-1.30). Low level of schooling was a protective factor against atopy, with a RR = 0.74; 95%CI 0.62-0.89. Living with a smoker in childhood was also associated with lower risk of atopy (RR = 0.87; 95%CI 0.79-0.96). Birth weight, length and order, maternal age, and intrauterine growth restriction were not associated with positive SPT. Conclusions:This study showed that male gender was associated with an increased risk of atopy. Low socioeconomic status, assessed by low level of schooling, was a protective factor against atopy. These data agree with the hygiene hypothesis.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2011;87(4):336-342: Allergens, allergy, risk factors, skin test. ResumoObjetivo: Estudar a associação entre atopia e variáveis como peso, comprimento e nível socioeconômico no nascimento e na idade adulta jovem. Métodos:Foram investigados 2.063 indivíduos em um estudo prospectivo de coorte de nascimento com indivíduos nascidos em Ribeirão Preto (SP), em 1978/1979, e examinados aos 23-25 anos de idade. Realizaram-se testes cutâneos de puntura (TCP) para oito alérgenos comuns no Brasil. Foram considerados atópicos os indivíduos que apresentaram reação papular ≥ 3 mm para um ou mais dos oito alérgenos testados. A fim de avaliar a associação entre atopia e variáveis no nascimento e na idade adulta, utilizamos o modelo log-binomial (modelo linear generalizado).Resultados: A prevalência de TCP positivo foi de 47,6%. O gênero masculino esteve associado a aumento do risco de atopia [risco relativo (RR) = 1,18; intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) 1,07-1,30]. O baixo nível de escolaridade foi um fator de proteção contra atopia, com um RR = 0,74; IC95% 0,62-0,89. A convivência com um fumante na infân-cia também esteve associada a um menor risco de atopia (RR = 0,87; IC95% 0,79-0,96). Peso e comprimento ao nascer, ordem de nascimento, idade materna e restrição de crescimento intrauterino não estiveram associados a TPC positivo. Conclusões:Este estudo demonstrou que o gênero masculino esteve associado a um aumento do risco de atopia. O baixo nível socioeconômico, estabelecido pelo baixo nível de escolaridade, foi um fator de proteção contra a atopia. Esses dados estão de acordo com a teoria da higiene...

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Examining life-course influences on chronic disease: the importance of birth cohort studies from low- and middle- income countries. An overview

Cited by 40 publications

References 72 publications

Childhood socioeconomic position, adult socioeconomic position and social mobility in relation to markers of adiposity in early adulthood: evidence of differential effects by gender in the 1978/79 Ribeirao Preto cohort study

Childhood socioeconomic position, adult socioeconomic position and social mobility in relation to markers of adiposity in early adulthood: evidence of differential effects by gender in the 1978/79 Ribeirao Preto cohort study

Physical activity throughout adolescence and bone mineral density in early adulthood: the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study

Atopy risk factors at birth and in adulthood

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