Comparison of sweat rate during graded exercise and the local rate induced by pilocarpine

Gomes, Ana Carolina Vimieiro; Magalhães, Flávio de Castro; Amorim, Fabiano T.; Machado‐Moreira, Christiano A.; Rosa, Márcia; Lima, Nilo Resende Viana; Rodrigues, Luiz Oswaldo Carneiro

doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2005000700017

Cited by 42 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Pilocarpine iontophoresis is the gold-standard sweat-testing method for diagnosing cystic fibrosis (CF) [101]; however, it is important to note that the sweating response differs significantly between pharmacological and thermal and/or exercise-induced sweating. Most notably, LSR is consistently higher with exercise and thermal stress compared with pilocarpine iontophoresis [19, 102, 103]. The reason for the discrepancy could be related to the different mechanisms involved in the sudomotor response between methods.…”

Section: Methodological Sources Of Variability In Sweating Rate and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra/Interindividual Variability

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Athletes lose water and electrolytes as a consequence of thermoregulatory sweating during exercise and it is well known that the rate and composition of sweat loss can vary considerably within and among individuals. Many scientists and practitioners conduct sweat tests to determine sweat water and electrolyte losses of athletes during practice and competition. The information gleaned from sweat testing is often used to guide personalized fluid and electrolyte replacement recommendations for athletes; however, unstandardized methodological practices and challenging field conditions can produce inconsistent/inaccurate results. The primary objective of this paper is to provide a review of the literature regarding the effect of laboratory and field sweat-testing methodological variations on sweating rate (SR) and sweat composition (primarily sodium concentration [Na+]). The simplest and most accurate method to assess whole-body SR is via changes in body mass during exercise; however, potential confounding factors to consider are non-sweat sources of mass change and trapped sweat in clothing. In addition, variability in sweat [Na+] can result from differences in the type of collection system used (whole body or localized), the timing/duration of sweat collection, skin cleaning procedure, sample storage/handling, and analytical technique. Another aim of this paper is to briefly review factors that may impact intra/interindividual variability in SR and sweat [Na+] during exercise, including exercise intensity, environmental conditions, heat acclimation, aerobic capacity, body size/composition, wearing of protective equipment, sex, maturation, aging, diet, and/or hydration status. In summary, sweat testing can be a useful tool to estimate athletes’ SR and sweat Na+ loss to help guide fluid/electrolyte replacement strategies, provided that data are collected, analyzed, and interpreted appropriately.

show abstract

Section: Methodological Sources Of Variability In Sweating Rate and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra/Interindividual Variability

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Um estudo anterior em nosso laboratório mostrou que a medida das taxas de sudorese global e no antebraço, durante o exercício progressivo até a exaustão (GXT), constitui indicador objetivo da capacidade sudorípara de um grupo de indivíduos normais como resultado da ativação do sistema nervoso simpático por estímulo térmico e não térmico (16) . No entanto, até o momento, a taxa de sudorese de diabéticos não foi medida durante o GXT, para avaliar se ela poderia ou não ser utilizada como índice da integridade da função simpática periférica.…”

Section: Artigo Originalunclassified

“…A produção de sudorese local foi medida utilizando uma câmara criada por plástico (64cm²) fixado na região anterior do terço médio do antebraço direito (AD) utilizando-se esparadrapo, onde um papel-filtro absorvente (16cm 2 ) (J Prolab, SJ, dos Pinhais, PR, Brasil), anteriormente pesado, foi colocado através de uma abertura em uma das extremidades dessa câmara, que foi vedada em seguida (16) . Assim que o voluntário atingia a FC de 150bpm, o papel-filtro era substituído por outro, que seria retirado no período de recuperação do exercício.…”

Section: Métodosunclassified

Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 na ausência de neuropatia autonômica não altera a taxa de sudorese no exercício

Rocha

Madeira

Sá

et al. 2009

Rev Bras Med Esporte

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A sudorese é o principal mecanismo autonômico termorregulatório na espécie humana. A taxa de sudorese (TS) durante o exercício pode ser influenciada por diversos fatores, entre eles doenças, como o diabetes mellitus tipo 1, cujos pacientes são vítimas potenciais de distúrbios termorregulatórios. Os exercícios regulares são recomendados para diabéticos e, inclusive, alguns deles tornam-se atletas. No entanto, ainda não foi medida a TS de diabéticos durante exercício progressivo até a exaustão (GXT) e comparada com a de indivíduos sadios com características antropométricas semelhantes. O presente estudo comparou a TS de sete voluntários diabéticos (DM) e sete controles (GC), semelhantes quanto à idade, gênero, composição corporal e capacidade aeróbica. Antes e após o GXT, foram medidos a gravidade específica da urina (GEU), o peso e a glicemia capilar. A TS global foi calculada dividindo-se a variação do peso pelo tempo de coleta e área de superfície corporal. A TS local do antebraço foi calculada utilizando-se a variação do peso de um filtro absorvente corrigido pela sua área e tempo de coleta. As TS locais do antebraço e da perna foram induzidas por iontoforese com pilocarpina (0,5%) no grupo DM. A freqüência cardíaca (FC) foi registrada antes, durante e após GXT. A temperatura média da pele (TMP) e as condições térmicas ambientais foram medidas durante o experimento. A glicemia capilar foi maior no DM, como o esperado. As TS global e local foram semelhantes entre os grupos, enquanto que a FC no repouso e a TMP no repouso e no exercício foram maiores no DM. Não houve diferença entre as TS do antebraço e da perna no DM com a pilocarpina. Concluiu-se que a resposta sudorípara foi semelhante entre diabéticos jovens e grupo controle durante exercício progressivo em ambiente temperado.Palavras-chave: neuropatia autonômica diabética, termorregulação, glândula sudorípara, sudorese, exercício. aBStRaCtSudoresis is the main autonomic human thermoregulatory mechanism. It can be influenced by several factors, including diseases, among them diabetes mellitus Type 1 (DM1), whose patients are potential victims of thermoregulatory disturbances. Regular physical exercises are recommended to diabetic people and some of them even become athletes. However, up to now, the sweat rate (SR) of diabetic patients during graded exercise until exhaustion (GXT) has not been compared to the SR of healthy individuals with similar physical characteristics. The present study measured global (SRglobal) and local (SRlocal) sweat rates during GXT in 14 diabetic (DM) and control subjects (CG), similar in age, gender, body composition and aerobic capacity. Urine specific gravity (Gu), body mass and blood glucose (Gblood) were measured before and after GXT. Besides that, Srlocal (forearm and leg) was measured by iontophoresis with pilocarpine (0.5%) in the DM group. Heart rate (HR), skin temperature (Tsk) and environmental thermal conditions were measured during the experiment. Both initial and final Gblood were higher in the DM, as expected. The Gu...

show abstract

“…Kahn and Rothman (1942) were the first to observe sexrelated differences in sweat response pharmacologically induced by intradermal injections of acetylcholine. Currently, pilocarpine iontophoresis has been successfully used as a standard, non-invasive procedure to locally induce sweating (Buono et al 1992;Hjortskov et al 1995;Vimieiro-Gomes et al 2005) since this cholinergic agonist binds directly to muscarinic receptors on the gland, and its action occurs independently of changes in sympathetic drive. Thus, differences in sweat response elicited by this method will only reflect differences in eccrine sweat glands per se, specifically in the maximal response to pilocarpine and/or in cholinergic sensitivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-related differences in sweat gland cholinergic sensitivity exist irrespective of differences in aerobic capacity

Madeira

Fonseca

et al. 2009

Eur J Appl Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mechanisms accounting for sex-related differences in the sweat response remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we focused on differences in sweat gland cholinergic sensitivity between males and females. Since, males usually possess higher aerobic capacity than females, we investigated sweating in males and females grouped according to aerobic capacity (.VO(2peak)). Forty-four subjects were assigned to four groups: males with higher (MH) and lower (ML), and females with higher (FH) and lower (FL) .VO(2peak). Forearm sweating was induced by iontophoretic administration (1.5 mA, 60 muA cm(-2), 5 min) of pure water or varying concentrations of pilocarpine hydrochloride (0.125, 0.250, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%). Local sweat rate (absorbent paper) and the number of activated sweat glands (iodine impregnated paper) were computed. Maximal pilocarpine-induced sweat rate (SR(max)) and the pilocarpine concentration which elicited 50% of maximal sweating response (K (m)) were calculated. Sweat rate and active gland density increased in response to greater doses of pilocarpine (p < 0.05). Inter-group differences were evident: SR(max) was greatest for MH and lowest for FL (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed between ML and FH (p = 0.24). Higher SR(max) were observed, within-sex, for those with greater aerobic capacity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, males' K (m) values were higher than females', indicating greater sweat gland affinity for pilocarpine even for groups having similar aerobic capacity (p < 0.05). In summary, we confirmed that the human sudomotor response is affected by aerobic capacity but, also, that sex-related differences in sweat gland cholinergic sensitivity exist and are not necessarily associated with the typical differences in .VO(2peak) observed between sexes.

show abstract

Comparison of sweat rate during graded exercise and the local rate induced by pilocarpine

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra/Interindividual Variability

Sweating Rate and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Athletes: A Review of Methodology and Intra/Interindividual Variability

Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 na ausência de neuropatia autonômica não altera a taxa de sudorese no exercício

Sex-related differences in sweat gland cholinergic sensitivity exist irrespective of differences in aerobic capacity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About