Assessing negative priming by attended distractors in a paper-and-pencil task

Abstract

The paper-and-pencil digit-comparison task for assessing negative priming (NP) was introduced, using a referent-size-selection procedure that was demonstrated to enhance the effect. NP is indicated by slower responses to recently ignored items, and proposed within the clinical-experimental framework as a major cognitive index of active suppression of distracting information, critical to executive functioning. The digit-comparison task requires circling digits of a list with digit-asterisk pairs (a baseline measure for digit-selection), and the larger of two digits in each pair of the unrelated (with different digits in successive digit-pairs) and related lists (in which the smaller digit subsequently became a target). A total of 56 students (18-38 years) participated in two experiments that explored practice effects across lists and demonstrated reliable NP, i.e., slowing to complete the related list relative to the unrelated list, (F(2, 44) = 52.42, P < 0.0001). A 3rd experiment examined age-related effects. In the paper-and-pencil digit-comparison task, NP was reliable for the younger (N = 8, 18-24 years) and middle-aged adults (N = 8, 31-54 years), but absent for the older group (N = 8, 68-77 years). NP was also reduced with aging in a computer-implemented digit-comparison task, and preserved in a task typically used to test location-specific NP, accounting for the dissociation between identity-and spatial-based suppression of distractors (Rao R(3, 12) = 16.02, P < 0.0002). Since the paper-andpencil digit-comparison task can be administered easily, it can be useful for neuropsychologists seeking practical measures of NP that do not require cumbersome technical equipment.

Efeitos de priming semântico em tarefa de decisão lexical em crianças de 3ª série

“…Consultando-se a base de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS, 2009, englobando LILACS e Scielo) foram encontradas poucas citações nacionais com as palavras-chave "priming" e "psicologia". Rosin (2004;Rosin & Sylwan, 2004) estudou o priming negativo (respostas mais lentas para itens recentemente ignorados, processos inibitórios) utilizando estímulos numéricos e palavras/cores (tarefa de Stroop) com participantes adultos e idosos. Squella e Ribeiro-do-Valle (2003) avaliaram adultos com uma tarefa go/no-go e estímulos não verbais (linhas).…”

O paradigma de priming semântico na investigação do processamento de leitura de palavras

“…Porém, no Brasil, as publicações enfocando os estudos no paradigma de priming, mesmo não restritos ao contexto do processamento de leitura, são escassas (Azevedo, Squella & Ribeiro-do-Valle, 2001;Busnello, 2007;Carreiro, Haddad Júnior & Baldo, 2003;DelFava & Ribeiro-do-Valle, 2004;Macedo, 2003;Oliveira, 2001;Oliveira & Janczura, 2004;Pompéia & Bueno, 2006;Pompéia, Paes & Bueno, 2003;Rosin, 2001Rosin, , 2004Squella & Ribeiro-do-Valle, 2003), conforme pesquisa feita nas bases de dados Scielo e LILACS, com a palavra-chave "priming".…”