Distribuição da comunidade de epífitas vasculares em sítios sob diferentes graus de perturbação na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, São Paulo, Brasil

Abstract

-(distribution of the community of vascular epiphytes in sites under different degrees of disturbance in the ipanema national Forest, são Paulo, Brazil). despite the importance of vascular epiphytes to indicate the degree of local conservation, there is little research on this subject. the present research was performed in the ipanema national Forest, iperó, são Paulo, Brazil, aiming to characterize the vascular epiphytic community, to analyze their vertical distribution and to analyze the correlation among different sites. Three sites were considered: RIA -remnant isolated/modified, FAB -advanced forest/border, and Fai -advanced forest/inside. on each site 90 assorted trees (dBh ≥ 20 cm) were sampled. Frequency, abundance and diversity parameters based on the occurrence of epiphytes in the strata and in the assorted trees were estimated. in the present survey 21 species belonging to 14 genera and six families were found. the shannon index of diversity (H') for the whole epiphytic community was 2.272, the equability (J) = 0.713 and Margalef's richness (d) = 2.467. the richness and diversity of sites were: 18 species, H' = 2.159, J = 0.747 and d = 2.180 for the Ria site, seven species, H' = 1.270, J = 0.652 and d = 1.017 for the FaB site, and 13 species, H' = 1.587, J = 0.618 and d = 1.919 for the Fai site. although there are significant differences among RIA to FAB and FAI, there is no difference between FAB and FAI. This research highlights the influence of environmental changes over epiphytic communities and the importance of disturbed forest remnants or even isolated trees to sustain the vascular epiphytes.Key words -atlantic Forest, environmental change, phytosociology of epiphytes RESUMO -(Distribuição da comunidade de epífitas vasculares em sítios sob diferentes graus de perturbação na Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, São Paulo, Brasil). Apesar da importância de epífitas vasculares em refletir o grau de preservação local, existem poucas pesquisas sobre o tema. esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Floresta nacional de ipanema, iperó, sP, e teve por objetivo caracterizar e analisar a comunidade epifítica vascular em sítios sob diferentes graus de perturbação. Foram determinados três sítios: RIA -remanescente isolado/alterado, FAB -floresta avançada/borda e FAI -floresta avançada/interior e, em cada sítio, foram amostrados 90 forófitos com DAP ≥ 20 cm. Foram estimamos os parâmetros de freqüência, dominância e diversidade com base na ocorrência das epífitas nos estratos e nos forófitos. No levantamento foram encontradas 21 espécies, 14 gêneros e seis famílias. o índice de diversidade shannon (H') para toda a comunidade epifítica foi de 2,172, a equabilidade (J) = 0,713 e a riqueza de Margalef (d) = 2,467. A riqueza e a diversidade dos sítios foram de: 18 espécies, H' = 2,159, J = 0,747 e d = 2,180 para o Sítio RIA; sete espécies, H' = 1,270, J = 0,652 e d = 1,017 para o Sítio FAB; e 13 espécies, H' = 1,587, J = 0,618 e d = 1,919 para o Sítio FAI. Embora existam diferenças significativas entre os sítios RIA ...

Vascular epiphytes in a remnant of seasonal semideciduous forest in zona da mata of Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…The results concerning ecological categories corroborate the predominance of characteristic holoepiphytes (DITTRICH et al 1999;KERSTEN;SILVA, 2001;ROGALSKI;ZANIN, 2003;CERVI;BORGO, 2007;DETTKE et al, 2008;MENINI NETO et al, 2009a;BATAGHIN et al, 2010;BONNET et al, 2011;BIANCHI et al 2012), underlining the importance of this habit for epiphytic plants. Gonçalves andWaechter (2003), Menini Neto et al (2009a), Geraldino et al (2010) also emphasise the high frequency of anemochory, corroborating the assertion of Benzing (1990) that it is the most common type of dispersal among epiphytes.…”

“…), Giongo and Waechter (2004) Bataghin et al (2010) (21 spp. ), produced lists with lower richness than that of the Fazenda Fortaleza de Sant'Anna.…”

Diversity, vertical structure and floristic relationships of vascular epiphytes in an urban remnant of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

“…GD, patterns of geographic distribution: 1, endemic to Atlantic Forest; 2, occurring in "Cerrado" and the Atlantic Forest; 3, disjunct distribution between the Amazon and Atlantic Forests; 4, occurring in two or more phytogeographic domains; and 5, alien or cultivated species. Voucher deposited in the CESJ Herbarium (acronym according to Thiers [2014] Bromeliaceae and Polypodiaceae (Dislich & Mantovani 1998, Fabricante et al 2006, Dettke et al 2008, Bataghin et al 2010, Furtado & Menini Neto 2015. This pattern has also been observed in studies conducted by Werner & Gradstein (2009) when analysing gradients of environmental disturbance in the Andes.…”

“…However, the Pielou index (J = 0.77) revealed a relatively low evenness of the community, which is related to the higher frequency of a few species, while several species had just a few occurrences in the sampled area. Hietz (1999) and Bataghin et al (2010) also found similar configuration in environments with different types of disturbances. Particularly, the structure of frequency distribution found in MK was similar to that observed by Hietz (1999) in an alder crop, showing a reduced number of dominant species, few species with intermediary frequencies and several rare species.…”

“…Lepismium cruciforme Bataghin et al (2010) Table 5. Comparison between the five most frequent species in studies conducted in seasonal semi-deciduous forest in Brazil.…”